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14-September-2008 12:50:22 - modification facility The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. August 2008 Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. A behavior modification facility or Youth Residential Program is a private, residential educational institution to which parents send adolescents who are perceived as displaying antisocial behavior, in an attempt to alter their conduct. The behavior modification methodologies used vary, but a combination of positive and negative reinforcement is typically used. Often these methods are delivered in a contingency management format such as a point system or level system.. Such methodology has been found to be highly effective in the treatment of disruptive disorders see meta-analysis of Chen Ma 20071 . Positive reinforcement mechanisms include points, rewards and signs of status, while negative reinforcement may include time-outs, point deductions, reversal of status, prolonged stays at a facility, physical restraint, or even corporal punishment. A newer approach uses graduated sanctions 2 Behavior modification within the penal system lost popularity in the 1970s-1980s due to a large number of abuses see Cautilli Weinberg 2007 3, but recent trends in the increase in U.S. crime and recent focus on reduction of recidivism have given such programs as second look 3 4. 5To reduce the tendency for abuse, a strong push has occurred to certify or license behavior modifiers67 or to have such practices limited to licensed psychologists.4 Often the practice of behavior modification in facilities comes into question see recent interest in Judge Rotenberg Educational Center, Aspen Education Group and the World Wide Association of Specialty Programs and Schools. Often these types of restrictive issues are discussed as part of ethical and legal standards see Professional practice of behavior analysis. While boot camp type programs have not been shown to be successful, largely because they represent punishment devoid of context unlike in the military, where passing boot camp initiates one into the service, programs such as teaching family homes have been extensively researched and show positive gains. Research shows that they can be used to reduce delinquency while adolescents are in the home and post release see Kingsley 2006 8. In general, these types of programs take a behavioral engineering approach to reducing problem behavior and building skills. In general, behavior modification programs that are used in facilities or in the natural environment have the largest effect size and lead to an estimated 15% reduction in recidivism.9 While this reduction appears to be modest, it holds potention in the U.S. given the large number of people in the prison system. Increasingly behavior modification models based on the principles of applied behavior analysis are being developed to model delinquency10 References ^ Chen Ma 2007 Effectiveness of treatments on disruptive disorders: A quantitative synthesis of single subject methods using the PEM approach. The Behavior Analyst Today 84, 380-397 Behavior Analyst Online ^ Howell, J.C. Sept., 1998. A new approach to juvenile crime: The promise of graduated sanctions in a juvenile justice system. Corrections Compendium, Vol 23, No 9. ^ Cautilli, J.D. Weinberg, M. 2007. orial: To license or not to license? That is the question: Or, if we make a profession, will they come? The Behavior Analyst Today 8 1, 1-8 Behavior Analyst Online ^ Redding, R.E., Characteristics of Effective Treatments and Interventions for Juvenile Offenders. Juvenile Justice Fact Sheet, Institute of Law, Psychiatry Public Policy, University of Virginia. ^ Lipsey, M., Wilson, D. 1998. Effective intervention for serious juvenile offenders: A synthesis of research. In R. Loeber D. FarringtonEds., Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA. ^ BACB ^ 1 ^ Kingsley, D.E. 2006: The Teaching-Family Model and Post-Treatment Recidivism: A Critical Review of the Conventional Wisdom - IJBCT, 2.4, 481-497.International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy ^ TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS AND RECIDIVISM: ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMMES APPLIED IN EUROPE Santiago Redondo Illescas, Julio Sánchez-Meca and Vicente Garrido Genovés Psychology in Spain, 2001, Vol. 5 47-62.2 ^ Stumphauzer, J. S.1985. Understanding Delinquency: A Behavioral Analysis.Child and Youth Services, v8 n1-2 p. 1-15 Kingsley, D.E. 2006: The Teaching-Family Model and Post-Treatment Recidivism: A Critical Review of the Conventional Wisdom - International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2.4, 481-497.Behavior Analyst Online Santiago Redondo Illescas, Julio Sánchez-Meca and Vicente Garrido Genovés 2001.TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS AND RECIDIVISM: ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMMES APPLIED IN EUROPE Psychology in Spain, Vol. 5 47-62.5 External links US State Dept. page on offshore BMFs The International Survivors Action Committee ISAC, an organization working against behavior modification facilities TeenLiberty.org, a site which cites many complaints of BMFs Exploitation in the Name of 'Specialty Schooling' by Allison Pinto, Ph.D., Robert M. Friedman, Ph.D. and Monica Epstein, Ph.D., Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, University of South Florida, American Psychological Association: Children, Youth and Families News, Summer 2005, retrieved June 28, 2006 ASTART The Alliance for the Safe, Therapeutic and Appropriate use of Residential Treatment A START National Youth Rights Association forum on BMFs Behavior Analyst Certification Board 6 Association for Behavior Analysis International's Right to Effective Behavioral Treatment 7 Empowering Parents An E-zine for parents to aid in changing defiant child behavior. Chen Ma 2007 Effectiveness of treatments on disruptive disorders: A quantitative synthesis of single subject methods using the PEM approach. The Behavior Analyst Today 84, 380-397 8 Cautilli, J.D. Weinberg, M. 2007. orial: To license or not to license? That is the question: Or, if we make a profession, will they come? The Behavior Analyst Today 8 1, 1-8 9 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Behavior_modification_facility Categories: Behavior modification | TherapyHidden categories: NPOV disputes from August 2008 | All NPOV disputes Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 12 August 2008, at 07:10
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