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14-September-2008 12:50:23 - Bodhi Part of a series on Buddhism Portal of Buddhism History Timeline - Buddhist councils Major Figures Gautama Buddha Disciples · Later Buddhists Concepts Four Noble Truths Noble Eightfold Path Karma - Nirvana Three marks of existence Skandha · Cosmology Samsara · Rebirth · Dharma Dependent Origination Practices and Attainment Buddhahood · Bodhisattva Four Stages of Enlightenment PÄ?ramitÄ?s · Mation · Laity Precepts · Three Jewels Countries and Regions Bhutan · Cambodia · China India · Indonesia · Japan Korea · Laos · Malaysia Mongolia · Burma · Nepal Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam Western countries Schools TheravÄ?da · MahÄ?yÄ?na VajrayÄ?na Early and Pre-sectarian Texts Pali Canon · Tibetan Canon Chinese Canon Related topics Comparative Studies Cultural elements This box: view talk Bodhi बोधि is both the PÄ?li and Sanskrit word traditionally translated into English as enlightenment. The word buddha means one who has achieved bodhi. Bodhi is also frequently translated as awakening. Although its most common usage by far is in the context of Buddhism, bodhi is also a technical term with various usages in other Indian philosophies and traditions. Bodhi is an abstract noun formed from the verbal root budh to awake, become aware, notice, know or understand, corresponding to the verbs bujjhati PÄ?li and bodhati or budhyate Sanskrit. In early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implied the extinction of raga greed, dosa hate and moha delusion. In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion 1. Therefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from greed, hate and delusion. It should also be noted that in the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, Great Nirvana maha-nirvana is equal in all respects to Bodhi and indeed is the state of perfect Buddhahood. Contents 1 In Theravada Buddhism 2 Bodhi in the Mahayana Sutras 2.1 Modes of Enlightenment 2.1.1 SÄ?vaka-Bodhi Arhat 2.1.2 Pacceka-Bodhi Pratyeka 2.1.3 SammÄ?-Sambodhi supreme Buddha 3 Quotes 4 See also 5 Notes 6 External links 7 Further reading In Theravada Buddhism In Buddhism, bodhi means the awakening experience attained by Gautama Buddha and his accomplished disciples and refers to the unique consciousness of a fully liberated yogi. Bodhi is sometimes described as complete and perfect sanity, or awareness of the true nature of the universe. After attainment, it is believed that one is freed from the cycle of samsÄ?ra: birth, suffering, death and rebirth see moksha. Bodhi is most commonly translated into English as enlightenment. This word conveys the insight and understanding wisdom possessed by a buddha and is similarly used in Christian mysticism to convey the saint's condition of being lit by a higher power - the merging of the human and the divine in theosis. There is no image of light contained in the term bodhi, however. Rather, it expresses the notion of awakening from a dream and of being aware and knowing reality. It is thus more accurate to think of bodhi as spiritual awake-ness or awakenment, rather than enlightenment although it is true that imagery of light is extraordinarily prevalent in many of the Buddhist scriptures. Bodhi is attained when the ten fetters that bind a human being to the wheel of samsara have been dissolved; when the Four Noble Truths have been fully understood and all volitional conditioning has reached cessation nirodha, giving rise to transcendent peace nibbana. At this moment, the psychological roots of all greed lobha, aversion dosa, delusion moha, ignorance avijjÄ?, craving tanha and ego-centered consciousness attÄ? are completely uprooted. Bodhi is the ultimate goal of Buddhist life brahmacarya. It is achieved by observing the eightfold path, the development of the paramitas virtues and profound wisdom into the dependently arisen nature of phenomena. Bodhi in the Mahayana Sutras Certain Mahayana Buddhist sutras stress that bodhi is always present and perfect, and simply needs to be uncovered or disclosed to purified vision. Thus the Sutra of Perfect Awakening has the Buddha teach that, like gold within its ore, bodhi is always there within the being's mind, but requires the obscuring mundane ore the surrounding defilements of samsara and of impaired, unawakened perception to be removed. The Buddha declares: Good sons, it is like smelting gold ore. The gold does not come into being because of smelting ... Even though it passes through endless time, the nature of the gold is never corrupted. It is wrong to say that it is not originally perfect. The Perfect Enlightenment of the Tathagata Buddha is also like this. Similar doctrines are encountered in the Tathagatagarbha sutras, which tell of the immanent presence of the Buddha Principle Buddha-dhatu/ Buddha-nature or Dharmakaya / Dhammakaya within all beings. Here, the Tathagatagarbha Buddha-Matrix is tantamount to the indwelling transformative and liberational power of bodhi, which bestows an infinitude of unifying vision. The Buddha of the Shurangama Sutra states: My uncreated and unending profound Enlightenment accords with the Tathagatagarbha, which is absolute bodhi, and ensures my perfect insight into the Dharma realm realm of Ultimate Truth, where the one is infinite and the infinite is one. Modes of Enlightenment The following is specific to Mahayana doctrine only: SÄ?vaka-Bodhi Arhat Those who study the teaching of a samma-sambuddha and then attain enlightenment in this world are known as arhats. Such beings are skilled at helping others to reach enlightenment, as they may draw on personal experience.citation needed Pacceka-Bodhi Pratyeka Those who obtain enlightenment through self-realisation, without the aid of spiritual guides and teachers, are known as pratyekabuddhas. According to the Tripitaka, such beings only arise in ages where the dharma has been lost. Their skill in helping others to obtain enlightenment is inferior to that of the arhatscitation needed and it also takes more time for them to accumulate paramis. Many pratyekas may arise at a single time. SammÄ?-Sambodhi supreme Buddha These are perfect, most developed, most compassionate, most loving, all-knowing beings who fully comprehend the dhamma by their own efforts and wisdom and teach it skillfully to others, freeing them from samsÄ?ra. One that develops sammÄ?-sambodhi is known as samma-sambuddha, and it is needed much more time of parami accumulation here than to become a pratyekabuddha. A sammÄ?-sambodhi is the one who gives rise to the path previously unarisen, who engenders the path previously unengendered, who points out the path previously not pointed out. He knows the path, is expert in the path, is adept at the path. And his disciples now keep following the path and afterwards become endowed with the path, this is the difference between an arahant and a buddha. Quotes When you get to this, then thoughts become still without being stilled, calmness and insight arise without being produced, the mind of the buddha appears without being revealed. To try to liken it to the body of cosmic space or the light of a thousand suns would be to be farther away than the sky is from the earth. - Wei-tse If you believe you are enlightened, you are actually a little bit crazy. Taisen Deshimaru Enlightenment, for a wave in the ocean, is the moment the wave realises it is water. Thich Nhat Hanh See also Buddha general Buddha-nature Buddhism Gnosis Nirvana Samadhi Satori Bodhi tree Notes ^ An important development in the Mahayana was that it came to separate nirvana from bodhi 'awakening' to the truth, Enlightenment, and to put a lower value on the former Gombrich, 1992d. Originally nirvana and bodhi refer to the same thing; they merely use different metaphors for the experience. But the Mahayana tradition separated them and considered that nirvana referred only to the extinction of craving = passion and hatred, with the resultant escape from the cycle of rebirth. This interpretation ignores the third fire, delusion: the extinction of delusion is of course in the early texts identical with what can be positively expressed as gnosis, Enlightenment.'' How Buddhism Began, Richard F. Gombrich, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1997, p. 67 External links Hundreds of free buddhist talks and huge forum. How to Recognize Enlightenment. The Bodhi-Tree Practice - A set of mations based on the four stages of the Buddha's enlightenment Further reading The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment State University Press of New York, 1999, tr. by A. Charles Muller The Surangama Sutra B.I. Publications, Bombay 1978, tr. by Lu K'uan Yu The Role of Bodhicitta in Buddhist Enlightenment. New York : The Edwin Mellen Press, 2005 includes translations of the following: Bodhicitta-sastra, Benkemmitsu-nikyoron, Sammaya-kaijo, Kenneth White v d e Buddhism topics History Timeline · Gautama Buddha · Buddhist councils · History of Buddhism in India · Decline of Buddhism in India · Ashoka the Great · Greco-Buddhism · Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Foundations Three Jewels Buddha, Dharma, Sangha · Four Noble Truths · Noble Eightfold Path · Nirvana · Middle Way Key Concepts Three Marks of Existence: Impermanence, Suffering, Not-self · Dependent Origination · Five Aggregates · Karma · Vipaka · Rebirth · Samsara · Defilements · Five Hindrances · Ten Fetters · Enlightenment Qualities · Perfections · JhÄ?na · Sense Bases · Four Great Elements · Renunciation · Bodhi · Parinirvana · Two truths doctrine · Emptiness · Bodhicitta · Bodhisattva · Buddha-nature · Bhumi · Trikaya Cosmology Ten spiritual realms · Six Realms Hell, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Heaven · Three Spheres Practices Threefold Training: Morality, Concentration, Wisdom · Buddhist devotion · Taking refuge · Four Divine Abidings: Loving-kindness, Compassion, Sympathetic joy, Equanimity · Mindfulness · Merit · Puja: Offerings, Prostration, Chanting · Paritta · Generosity · Morality: Five Precepts, Eight Precepts, Ten Precepts, Bodhisattva vows, Patimokkha · Bhavana · Mation: Kammaá¹á¹hÄ?na, Recollection, Mindfulness of Breathing, Serenity mation, Insight mation, Shikantaza, Zazen, KÅ?an, Mandala, Tonglen, Tantra Attainment Types of Buddha · Bodhisattva · Four stages of enlightenment: Stream-enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, Arahant Monasticism Monk · Nun · Novice monk · Novice nun · Anagarika · Ajahn · Sayadaw · Zen master · Roshi · Lama · Rinpoche · Geshe · Tulku · Householder · Lay follower · Disciple · Ngagpa Texts Tipitaka Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Commentaries · Mahayana sutras · Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka Koreana · Tibetan Buddhist canon Major Figures Gautama Buddha · SÄ?riputta · MahamoggallÄ?na · Ananda · Maha Kassapa · Buddhaghosa · Nagasena · Bodhidharma · Nagarjuna · Asanga · Padmasambhava · Dalai Lama Branches Theravada · Mahayana: Chan/Zen, Pure Land, Tendai, Nichiren, Madhyamaka, Yogacara · Vajrayana: Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon · Early Buddhist schools · Pre-sectarian Buddhism · Basic points unifying Theravada and Mahayana Countries Bhutan · Burma · Cambodia · China · India · Indonesia · Japan · Korea · Laos · Malaysia · Mongolia · Nepal · Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam · Western countries Comparative Buddhism Science · Psychology · Hinduism · Jainism · East Asian religions · Christianity · Theosophy · Gnosticism Lists Buddhists · Buddhas · Twenty-eight Buddhas · Bodhisattvas · Temples · Books · Buddhism-related topics · Terms and concepts Miscellaneous topics TathÄ?gata · Maitreya · AvalokiteÅ›vara Guan Yin · AmitÄ?bha · BrahmÄ? · MÄ?ra · Dhammapada · Visuddhimagga · Vinaya · Sutra · Abhidharma · Buddhist philosophy · Eschatology · Reality in Buddhism · God in Buddhism · Liturgical languages: Pali, Sanskrit · Dharma talk · Buddhist calendar · Kalpa · Buddhism and evolution · Buddhism and homosexuality · Fourteen unanswerable questions · Ethics · Culture · Monastic robe · Cuisine · Vegetarianism · Art · Greco-Buddhist art · Buddha statue · Budai · Symbolism Dharmacakra · Flag · Bhavacakra · Mantra Om mani padme hum · Prayer wheel · Mala · Mudra · Holidays · Vesak · Uposatha · Vassa · Architecture: Vihara, Wat, Stupa, Pagoda · Pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar · Bodhi tree · Mahabodhi Temple · Higher Knowledge · Supernormal Powers · Miracles of the Buddha · Physical characteristics of the Buddha · Family of the Buddha Category · Portal Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Bodhi Categories: Sanskrit words and phrases | Buddhist philosophical concepts | Buddhist termsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages ÄŒesky Deutsch Español Français í•œêµì–´ Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Português Simple English SlovenÄ?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Tiếng Việt ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 10 September 2008, at 17:4
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