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14-September-2008 12:50:24 - Budai For the township in Taiwan, see Budai, Chiayi. This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. Maitreya in Budai form with disciples, as depicted at Feilai Feng grottos, near Lingyin Temple in China Maitreya in Budai form with disciples, as depicted at Feilai Feng grottos, near Lingyin Temple in China Budai Chinese: 布袋; pinyin: bùdà i or Budai Luohan, pronounced Hotei in Japanese, also known as the Laughing Buddha, is an interpretation of the Bodhisattva Maitreya, the predicted Buddha to succeed Gautama Buddha in the future. He has become incorporated into Buddhist, Taoist and Shinto culture and is based on an eccentric Chinese Zen Chán monk who lived in the time of the Liang Dynasty. His image graces many temples, restaurants, amulets, and businesses. Budai has become a deity of contentment and abundance, when adopted by religious Taoists and Buddhists. In Japan, Hotei persists in folklore as one of the Seven Lucky Gods Shichi Fukujin. He is almost always shown smiling or laughing, hence his nickname in Chinese, the Laughing Buddha Chinese: 笑佛. Contents 1 History 1.1 As Angida Arhat 1.2 As a Chinese Buddhist monk 2 Description 3 Faiths that revere Budai 3.1 Zen Buddhism 3.2 I Kuan Tao 3.3 Phra Sangkadchai/ Phra Sangkachai 3.4 Folklore 4 See also 5 External links 6 References History As Angida Arhat Budai as depicted in a print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi. Note the sack in his hand. Budai as depicted in a print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi. Note the sack in his hand. Budai derives from the time of Sakyamuni Buddha, where there was a monk named Angida, whose name also meant calico bag.1 Angida was one of the original eighteen Arhats of Buddhism. According to legend, Angida was a talented Indian snake catcher whose aim was to catch venomous snakes to prevent them from biting passers-by. Angida would also remove the snake's venomous fangs and release them. Due to his kindness, he was able to attain bodhi. Both Budai and Angida have similar resemblances, as they both are rotund, seen laughing and carrying a bag, However, in Chinese art, Angida is portrayed as Budai, so it may be unclear whether the imagery between the two are similar in any way. As a Chinese Buddhist monk In the Chinese tradition, Budai was a monk who lived during the Later Liang Dynasty 907 - 923 AD of China. He was a native of Fenghua, and his Buddhist name was Qieci Chinese: 契æ¤; pinyin: QiècÇ?; literally Promise this. He was considered a man of good and loving character. Apart from his character, his identification with the Maitreya Bodhisattva the future Buddha is also attributed to a Buddhist hymn Chinese: å?ˆè¯; pinyin: JiéyÇ” he uttered before his death: 彌勒真彌勒，化身å?ƒç™¾å„„，時時示時人，時人自ä¸?è˜ Maitreya, the true Maitreya has billions of incarnations. Often he is shown to people at the time; other times they do not recognize him. Description Statue of Budai in the familiar likeness of the Chinese tradition. In this picture, he is facing the main entrance, which is traditional for Chinese Buddhist temples. Statue of Budai in the familiar likeness of the Chinese tradition. In this picture, he is facing the main entrance, which is traditional for Chinese Buddhist temples. Budai is almost always represented as carrying a cloth or linen sack, which never empties, and is filled with many precious items, including rice plants indicating wealth, sweets for children, food, small mammals, and the woes of the world. Sometimes it can be filled with children, as they are seen as some of those precious items of this world. His duty is patron of the weak, the poor and children. In some Japanese representations, Budai may be found sitting on a cart drawn by boys, or wielding a fan called an Å?gi said to be a wish giving fan -- in the distant past, this type of fan was used by the aristocracy to indicate to vassals that their requests would be granted. In Chinese Buddhist temples of the Chán sect, Budai's statue is traditionally placed in the front part of the entrance hall. He is depicted in the familiar likeness of the above described Laughing Buddha; a stout, smiling or laughing shaved man in robes with a largely exposed pot belly stomach symbolic for happiness, good luck, and plenitude. Some sculptures have small children at his feet. Another item that is usually seen with the Budai figure, is a begging bowl; to represent his Buddhist nature. All of these images display Budai as a wandering monk who goes around and takes the sadness from people of this world. Because he represents prosperity and happiness, statuettes are often found in homes and businesses in China and Japan. Faiths that revere Budai Zen Buddhism Statue of Budai in Beipu, Taiwan Statue of Budai in Beipu, Taiwan The primary story that concerns Budai in Zen Chán is a short kÅ?an. In it, Budai is said to travel giving candy to poor children, only asking a penny from Zen monks or lay practitioners he meets. One day a monk walks up to him and asks, What is the meaning of Zen? Budai drops his bag. How does one realize Zen? he continued. Budai then took up his bag and continued on his way. I Kuan Tao Statues of Budai form a central part of shrines in the I Kuan Tao. He is usually referred to by his Sanskrit name, Maitreya, and is taken to represent many important teachings and messages, including contentment, generosity, wisdom and open kindheartedness. He is predicted to succeed Gautama Buddha, as the next Buddha. He helps people realize the essence within, which connects with all beings. and he fosters the realization of tolerance, generosity and contentment; thus, he helps to bring heaven to earth. Phra Sangkadchai/ Phra Sangkachai Phra Sangkachai Phra Sangkachai In Thailand Budai is sometimes confused with another similar monk widely respected in Thailand, Phra Sangkadchai or Sangkachai Thai: พระสังà¸?ัจจายน์. Phra Sangkadchai, a Thai spelling of Mahakaccayanathera Thai: มหาà¸?ัจจายนเถระ, was a Buddhist Arhat in Sanskrit or Arahant in Pali during the time of the Lord Buddha. Lord Buddha praised Phra Sangkadchai for his excellence in explaining sophisticated dharma or dhamma in an easily and correctly understandable manner. Phra Sangkadchai also composed the Madhupinadika Sutra. One tale relates that he was so handsome that once even a man wanted him for a wife. To avoid a similar situation, Phra Sangkadchai decided to transform himself into a fat monk. Another tale says he was so attractive that angels and men often compared him with the Buddha. He considered this inappropriate, so disguised himself in an unpleasantly fat body. Budai, Wat Don Phra Chao, Yasothon, Thailand Budai, Wat Don Phra Chao, Yasothon, Thailand Although both Budai and Phra Sangkadchai may be found in both Thai and Chinese temples, Phra Sangkadchai is found more often in Thai temples, and Budai in Chinese temples. Two points to distinguish them from one another are: 1. Phra Sangkadchai has a trace of hair on his head looking similar to the Buddha's while Budai is clearly bald. 2. Phra Sangkadchai wears the robes in Theravadin Buddhist fashion with the robes folded across one shoulder, leaving the other uncovered. Budai wears the robes in Chinese style, covering both arms but leaving the front part of the upper body uncovered. Folklore Temple shrine in Taroko Gorge, Taiwan Temple shrine in Taroko Gorge, Taiwan Budai in folklore is admired for his happiness, plenitude, and wisdom of contentment. One belief, popular in folklore not Buddhist doctrine, maintains that rubbing his belly brings forth wealth, good luck, and prosperity. See also Buddhism Maitreya External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hotei Truetao.org Information on Hotei within I Kuan Tao An article on History of Maitreya Hotei References ^ Buddhist Studies:18 Lohans Arhats: Angida v d e Buddhism Portal Concepts History - Timeline Schools Texts Countries - Regions Culture Lists: Temples - People - Topics v d e Buddhism topics History Timeline · Gautama Buddha · Buddhist councils · History of Buddhism in India · Decline of Buddhism in India · Ashoka the Great · Greco-Buddhism · Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Foundations Three Jewels Buddha, Dharma, Sangha · Four Noble Truths · Noble Eightfold Path · Nirvana · Middle Way Key Concepts Three Marks of Existence: Impermanence, Suffering, Not-self · Dependent Origination · Five Aggregates · Karma · Vipaka · Rebirth · Samsara · Defilements · Five Hindrances · Ten Fetters · Enlightenment Qualities · Perfections · JhÄ?na · Sense Bases · Four Great Elements · Renunciation · Bodhi · Parinirvana · Two truths doctrine · Emptiness · Bodhicitta · Bodhisattva · Buddha-nature · Bhumi · Trikaya Cosmology Ten spiritual realms · Six Realms Hell, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Heaven · Three Spheres Practices Threefold Training: Morality, Concentration, Wisdom · Buddhist devotion · Taking refuge · Four Divine Abidings: Loving-kindness, Compassion, Sympathetic joy, Equanimity · Mindfulness · Merit · Puja: Offerings, Prostration, Chanting · Paritta · Generosity · Morality: Five Precepts, Eight Precepts, Ten Precepts, Bodhisattva vows, Patimokkha · Bhavana · Mation: Kammaá¹á¹hÄ?na, Recollection, Mindfulness of Breathing, Serenity mation, Insight mation, Shikantaza, Zazen, KÅ?an, Mandala, Tonglen, Tantra Attainment Types of Buddha · Bodhisattva · Four stages of enlightenment: Stream-enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, Arahant Monasticism Monk · Nun · Novice monk · Novice nun · Anagarika · Ajahn · Sayadaw · Zen master · Roshi · Lama · Rinpoche · Geshe · Tulku · Householder · Lay follower · Disciple · Ngagpa Texts Tipitaka Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Commentaries · Mahayana sutras · Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka Koreana · Tibetan Buddhist canon Major Figures Gautama Buddha · SÄ?riputta · MahamoggallÄ?na · Ananda · Maha Kassapa · Buddhaghosa · Nagasena · Bodhidharma · Nagarjuna · Asanga · Padmasambhava · Dalai Lama Branches Theravada · Mahayana: Chan/Zen, Pure Land, Tendai, Nichiren, Madhyamaka, Yogacara · Vajrayana: Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon · Early Buddhist schools · Pre-sectarian Buddhism · Basic points unifying Theravada and Mahayana Countries Bhutan · Burma · Cambodia · China · India · Indonesia · Japan · Korea · Laos · Malaysia · Mongolia · Nepal · Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam · Western countries Comparative Buddhism Science · Psychology · Hinduism · Jainism · East Asian religions · Christianity · Theosophy · Gnosticism Lists Buddhists · Buddhas · Twenty-eight Buddhas · Bodhisattvas · Temples · Books · Buddhism-related topics · Terms and concepts Miscellaneous topics TathÄ?gata · Maitreya · AvalokiteÅ›vara Guan Yin · AmitÄ?bha · BrahmÄ? · MÄ?ra · Dhammapada · Visuddhimagga · Vinaya · Sutra · Abhidharma · Buddhist philosophy · Eschatology · Reality in Buddhism · God in Buddhism · Liturgical languages: Pali, Sanskrit · Dharma talk · Buddhist calendar · Kalpa · Buddhism and evolution · Buddhism and homosexuality · Fourteen unanswerable questions · Ethics · Culture · Monastic robe · Cuisine · Vegetarianism · Art · Greco-Buddhist art · Buddha statue · Budai · Symbolism Dharmacakra · Flag · Bhavacakra · Mantra Om mani padme hum · Prayer wheel · Mala · Mudra · Holidays · Vesak · Uposatha · Vassa · Architecture: Vihara, Wat, Stupa, Pagoda · Pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar · Bodhi tree · Mahabodhi Temple · Higher Knowledge · Supernormal Powers · Miracles of the Buddha · Physical characteristics of the Buddha · Family of the Buddha Category · Portal Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Budai Categories: Bodhisattvas | Buddhas | Chinese gods | Fortune gods | Japanese gods | Chinese Buddhist monksHidden category: Articles lacking in-text citations Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Brezhoneg ÄŒesky Deutsch Español Français Galego Italiano 日本語 Simple English Svenska Tiếng Việt Türkçe ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 6 September 2008, at 21:11
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