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14-September-2008 12:50:26 - Cytopathology Redirected from Cellular pathology Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. The most common use of cytopathology is the Pap smear, used to detect cervical cancer at an early treatable stage. Cytopathology is frequently, less precisely, called cytology, which is literally study of cells.1 Contents 1 Cell collection 2 Equipment 3 Parameters 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Cell collection Two methods of collecting cells for analysis are: Exfoliative Cytology - Cells are extracted from fluid shed into the body cavities. For example, in pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, or in the case of the Pap smear, cells scraped from the cervix. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology or Needle aspiration biopsy - An 18 to 27 gauge most commonly 23-25 needle attached to a 10 cc syringe is used to aspirate pull out cells from lesions or masses in various organs of the body by application of negative pressure suction. FNAC can be done directly on a mass in superficial regions like the neck, thyroid or breast; or it may be assisted by ultrasound or CAT scan. FNAC, while poorly developed in the USA, is widely used in Europe and India. Being a skill dependent procedure, the success rate may vary. If performed by pathologist or as team with pathologist-cytotechnologist, the success rate of proper diagnosis is superior. The two countries with the most advanced FNAC services are Sweden Karolinska hospital performs about 11 thousand annual aspirates, and Slovenia Institute of Oncology performs about 10 thousand annual aspirates. The highest volumes in USA are encountered at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta GA, and MD Anderson Hostpital in Houston, TX, each contributing no more than 4 thousand aspirates per year. Equipment Fine needles are 23 to 27 gauge. Needle diameters and color codes for 23G, 25G and 27G are as follows, respectively: 0,6 mm/Blue-dark, 0,5 mm/Orange, and 0,4 mm/Grey. If a cell-block preparation is indicated, after obtaining diagnostic cytology smears, a wider gauge needle, up to 18 gauge, may be used. Parameters Various topics are studied by cellular pathologists: organelle pathology cell death necrosis apoptosis cellular injury and response cell ageing amyloidosis autoimmune diseases For instance, various normal functions of cell growth, metabolism, and division can fail or work in abnormal ways and lead to various diseases such as cancers. See also American Society of Cytopathology Cell biology References ^ Cytology. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. URL: http://www.emedicine.com/asp/dictionary.asp?keyword=cytology. Accessed on: January 22, 2008. External links CYTOPATHNET Online Resource Center for Cytopathology American Society of Cytopathology bushy six-page mindmap PDF expanding injury, death, aging, stress adaptation, and amyloidosis. Med/Utah v d e Pathology Principles of pathology Disease - Infection - Ischemia - Inflammation - Wound healing - Neoplasia - Hemodynamics Cell death: Necrosis Liquefactive necrosis, Coagulative necrosis, Caseous necrosis - Apoptosis - Pyknosis - Karyorrhexis - Karyolysis Cellular adaptation: Atrophy - Hypertrophy - Hyperplasia - Dysplasia - Metaplasia Squamous, Glandular accumulations: pigment Hemosiderin, Lipochrome/Lipofuscin, Melanin - Steatosis Anatomical pathology Surgical pathology - Cytopathology - Autopsy - Molecular pathology - Forensic pathology - Dental pathology Gross examination - Histopathology - Immunohistochemistry - Electron microscopy - Immunofluorescence - Fluorescent in situ hybridization Clinical pathology Clinical chemistry - Hematopathology - Transfusion medicine - Medical microbiology - Diagnostic immunology - Immunopathology Enzyme assay - Mass spectrometry - Chromatography - Flow cytometry - Blood bank - Microbiological culture - Serology This article related to pathology is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cytopathology Categories: Pathology | Cell biology | Pathology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Dansk Norsk bokmål Português This page was last modified on 1 May 2008, at 02:5
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