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14-September-2008 12:50:27 - neuropsychology Neuropsychology Topics Brain-computer interface Traumatic brain injury Brain regions Clinical neuropsychology Cognitive neuroscience Human brain Neuroanatomy Neurophysiology Phrenology Common misconceptions Brain functions arousal attention consciousness decision making executive functions natural language learning memory motor coordination sensory perception planning problem solving thought People Arthur L. Benton David Bohm António Damásio Phineas Gage Norman Geschwind Elkhonon Goldberg Donald O. Hebb Kenneth Heilman Muriel Lezak Benjamin Libet Rodolfo Llinás Alexander Luria Brenda Milner Karl H. Pribram Oliver Sacks Roger W. Sperry H. M. K. C. Tests Bender-Gestalt Test Benton Visual Retention Test Clinical Dementia Rating Continuous Performance Task Glasgow Coma Scale Hayling and Brixton tests Lexical decision task Mini-mental state examination Stroop effect Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Wisconsin card sorting Tools Johari Window Mind and Brain Portal This box: view talk Clinical neuropsychology is a sub-specialty of clinical psychology that specialises in the diagnostic assessment and treatment of patients with brain injury or neurocognitive deficits. Typically, a clinical neuropsychologist will hold an advanced degree in clinical psychology in most countries, this requires a doctorate level qualification: Ph.D., Psy.D., or M.D. and will have completed further studies in neuropsychology, or in some countries, neurology. In the USA, a neuropsychologist is a clinical psychologist, who, in addition to completing a Doctoral Degree in Psychology, also completes a Clinical Internship 1 year and specialized Post-Doctoral training in Clinical Neuropsychology. Such Post-Doctoral training i.e. Fellowship/Residency currently ranges from 2 to 4 years. Neuropsychologists use models of brain-behavior relationships to determine whether expected neurobehavioral function has changed to a degree that is consistent with impairment. Such relationships are demonstrated through the interpretation of performance that is derived from a variety of specialized assessment procedures. Thus, the domain of neuropsychologists is expressed brain function: for example, reasoning/problem-solving, learning/recall processes, selective attention/concentration processes, perception, sensation, language processes, controlled/directed movement processes. Serial neuropsychological examinations may be used to monitor deteriorating neurobehavioral performance as with dementing disorders or to monitor improving neurobehavioral function as during the recovery after an acquired brain injury or in response to pharmacological or surgical intervention. What distinguishes a clinical neuropsychologist from other clinical psychologists is an extensive knowledge of the brain, including an understanding of areas such as: neuroanatomy, neurobiology, psychopharmacology, neurological illness or injury, the use of neuropsychological tests to accurately assess cognitive deficits, and the management, treatment and rehabiliation of brain injured and neurocognitively impaired patients. Clinical neuropsychologists perform a number of tasks, usually within a clinical setting. They are often involved in conducting neuropsychological assessments to assess a person's cognitive skills, usually after some sort of brain injury or neurological impairment. This may be for the purposes of planning treatments, to determine someone's neurocognitive functioning or mental capacity often done for presentation as evidence in court cases or legal proceedings or to detect changes over time. A clinical neuropsychologist's typical caseload may include people with traumatic brain injury TBI, cerebrovascular accidents CVA such as stroke and aneurysm ruptures, brain tumors, encephalitis, epilepsy/seizure disorders, dementias, mental illnesses e.g. schizophrenia, and a wide range of developmental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD, learning disabilities, autism and Tourette's syndrome. Clinical neuropsychologists' training has included methods of psychotherapy and counseling. They can also provide therapeutic services to patients in need of education and emotional support concerning their neurological injuries or illness. In two U.S. States New Mexico and Louisiana and the Territory of Guam, clinical neuropsychologists as well as generalist clinical psychologists who complete additional postdoctoral training in clinical psychopharmacology and pass a national examination may prescribe psychotropic medications. Many clinical neuropsychologists are employed by medical schools and hospitals, especially neurology, psychiatry, and rehabilitation facilities. Some work in private practice. They are frequently active in teaching at the university level and conducting research into a wide range of issues concerning human brain-behavior relationships. Some clinical neuropsychologists are also employed by pharmaceutical companies to help develop and test neuropsychological assessment tools for use in clinical trials. The practice of cognitive neuropsychology and cognitive neuropsychiatry involves studying the cognitive effects of injury or illness to understand normal psychological function. Because of their day-to-day contact with people with brain impairment, many clinical neuropsychologists are active in these research fields. See also cognitive neuropsychology Further reading Broks, P. 2003 Into the Silent Land: Travels in Neuropsychology. ISBN Halligan, P.W., Kischka, U, Marshall, J.C. Eds. 2003 Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology. Oxford University Press. ISBN Lezak, M.D. 2004. Neuropsychological Assessment 4th ed.. New York: Oxford University Press. Snyder, P.J, Nussbaum, P.D., Robins, D.L. Eds. 2005 Clinical Neuropsychology: A Pocket Handbook for Assessment, Second ion. American Psychological Association. ISBN Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Clinical_neuropsychology Categories: Neuropsychology | Clinical psychology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Italiano Lietuvių Türkçe This page was last modified on 3 September 2008, at 19:32
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