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14-September-2008 12:50:28 - Combatives Matt Larsen, creator of the Modern Army Combatives Program, uses a chokehold on an opponent in training. Matt Larsen, creator of the Modern Army Combatives Program, uses a chokehold on an opponent in training. Combatives is a United States Army synonym for hand-to-hand combat technique. It encompasses various hybrid martial arts that incorporate fighting techniques from conventional martial arts and combat sports. Unlike combat sports, combatives fighting systems usually have limited sport application, because they often focus on simple self-defense and combat techniques. Per U.S. Army FM 3-25.150 Combatives: 1-1. Hand-to-hand combat - Hand-to-hand combat is an engagement, between two or more persons, with or without hand-held weapons, such as knives, sticks, or projectile weapons within the range of physical contact. 1-2. Combatives - Combatives are the techniques and tactics useful to Soldiers involved in Hand-to-hand combat. Proficiency in Combatives is one of the fundamental building blocks for training the modern Soldier. Contents 1 Military history 2 Modern Army Combatives 3 Combatives elsewhere 4 References 5 Books of interest 6 External links 7 Articles Military history Militaries have long taught unarmed combat, both as conditioning and as a supplement to armed combat. Among the samurai of Japan, such combatives were known as Bujutsu jujutsu, tantojutsu, bojutsu and so on. Like weapon arts such as kenjutsu, yarijutsu and naginatajutsu, these often were adapted in later stages to cultural or sport forms such as kyÅ«dÅ?, judo, or kendo. Though technology changed, with the emergence of gunpowder in the Napoleonic Wars, the machine gun in the Russo-Japanese War, and the trench warfare of World War I, hand-to-hand fighting methods such as bayonet remained central to modern military training. Sometimes called Close Quarters Combat CQC or close combat, World War II-era American combatives were largely codified by Britons William E. Fairbairn and Eric A. Sykes. Also known for their eponymous Fairbairn-Sykes fighting knife, Fairbairn and Sykes had worked in the British Armed Forces and helped teach the Shanghai Municipal Police SMP 1 quick, effective, and simple techniques for fighting with or without weapons in melee situations. Similar training was provided to British commandos, the First Special Service Force, OSS, Army Rangers and Marine Raiders. Fairbairn at one point called this system Defendu and published on it, as did their American colleague Rex Applegate. Fairbairn often referred to the technique as gutter fighting, a term which Applegate used, along with the Fairbairn system. Other combatives systems having their origins in the modern military include Chinese Sanshou, Soviet Bojewoje Combat Sambo, Israeli Krav Maga and Modern Army Combatives. The prevalence and style of combatives training often changes based on perceived need, and even in times of peace, special forces and commando units tend to have a much higher emphasis on close combat than most personnel, as may embassy guards or paramilitary units such as police SWAT teams. De-emphasized in the United States after World War II, insurgency conflicts such as the Vietnam War, low intensity conflict and urban warfare tend to encourage more attention to combatives. The general discipline of close-proximity fighting with weapons is often called Close Quarters Battle CQB at the platoon or squad level, or Military Operations on Urban Terrain MOUT at higher tactical levels. The current Marine Corps Martial Arts Program MCMAP replaced the Marine Corps LINE combat system in 2002. The U.S. Army adopted the Modern Army Combatives MAC program with the publishing of the 2002 field manual FM 3-25.150, written by Matt Larsen. MAC draws from systems such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Muay Thai and eskrima, which could be trained live and can be fully integrated into current Close Quarters Battle tactics and training methods. In August 2007 MAC training became required in every Army unit by Army regulation 350-1 Training. The Modern Army Combatives Program was adopted as the basis for the Air Force Combatives Program in January of 2008.2 Modern Army Combatives In 2001, Matt Larsen, then a Sergeant First Class, established the United States Army Combatives School at Fort Benning. Students are taught techniques from the 2002 version of Field Manual 3-25.150 Combatives, also written by Larsen. The regimen focused on small, easily repeatable drills, in which practitioners could learn multiple related techniques rapidly. For example, Drill One teaches several techniques: escaping blows, maintaining the mount, escaping the mount, maintaining the guard, passing the guard, assuming side control, maintaining side control, preventing and assuming the mount. The drill can be completed in less than a minute and can be done repeatedly with varying levels of resistance to maximize training benefits. The Combatives School teaches four instructor certification courses. Students of the first course are not expected to have any knowledge of combatives upon arrival. They are taught fundamental techniques in a series of grappling drills. The basic techniques form a framework upon which the rest of the program can build and are taught as a series of drills, which can be performed as a part of daily physical training. While the course is heavy on grappling, it does not lose sight of the fact that it is a course designed for soldiers going into combat. It is made clear that while combatives can be used to kill or disable, the man that typically wins a hand-to-hand fight in combat is the one whose allies arrive with guns first. Subsequent courses build upon the framework by adding throws and takedowns from wrestling and Judo, striking skills from boxing and Muay Thai, weapons fighting from eskrima and the western martial arts, all of that combined with how to conduct scenario training and referee the various levels of Combatives competitions. There are several reasons that the combatives course is taught: To educate soldiers on how to protect themselves against threats without using their firearms To provide a non-lethal response to situations on the battlefield To instill the 'warrior instinct' to provide the necessary aggression to meet the enemy unflinchingly Combatives elsewhere Combatives courses have been taught by the United States Military Academy for its entire history. In 2005 the Modern Army Combatives Program began to spread to academia with its adoption at Kansas State University, where there are courses specifically tailored to military personnel active duty and ROTC and university athletes, in addition to those available to the general student body 34. References ^ http://www.americancombatives.com/cqchistory.htm ^ Michelle Tan and Erik Holmes. Combatives training inspires Air Force. Army Times. 29 January 2008. ^ http://www.themercury.com/K-StateSports/article.aspx?articleId=d2d51cbb646a4b3794667bde791f60ca ^ http://www.k-state.edu/artsci/das198/course%20info.htm Books of interest Combatives : FM 3-25.150 Commercial reprint of 2002 US Army manual. ISBN 1-58160-448-3 Basic Field Manual: Unarmed Defense for the American Soldier. FM 21-150, War Department, June 1942. Get Tough! by William E. Fairbairn, 1942. Details basic commando techniques. Reprint ISBN 0-87364-002-0 Kill or Get Killed by Rex Applegate, 1943, 1954, 1976. Widely redistributed within the USMC from 1991 as FMFRP 12-80. ISBN 0-87364-084-5 U.S. Army Hand-to-Hand Combat: FM 21-150, June 1954. US Army FM 21-150, 1963. Combatives Field Manual FM 21-150, 1971. In Search of the Warrior Spirit: Teaching Awareness Disciplines to the Green Berets by Richard Strozzi-Heckler. 3rd ion ISBN 1-55643-425-1 FM 21-150 Combatives: Hand-to-Hand Combat, United States Army field manual, September 1992. ISBN 1-58160-261-8 Fleet Marine Force Manual FMFM 0-7, Close Combat, USMC, July 1993. Close Combat MCRP 3-02B, USMC, February 1999. Commercial ISBN 1-58160-073-9 External links US Army Combatives School US Army FM 3-25-150: Combatives US Army Regulation 350-1 Training Excerpts from 1942 War Department FM 21-150 E-Budo forum on US Army FM 3-25.150 International Close Combat Instructors Association United States Combative Arts Association Kansas State University Combatives The Source by Peter Robins American Combatives Combatives 101 Free Online Military Combatives Library v d e Martial arts by country of origin The Martial Arts Portal Brazil: Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Capoeira Burma Myanmar: Bando Lethwei Cambodia: Bokator Pradal Serey Canada: Okichitaw China: Baguazhang BÄ?jÃquán Northern Praying Mantis Shaolin kung fu Shuai Jiao Tai chi chuan Wing Chun Xingyiquan Zui Quan Choi Lei Fut Egypt: Egyptian stick fencing France: Kinomichi Savate Greco-Roman wrestling Germany: German school of fencing Greece: Pankration Iceland: Glima India: Gatka Kalarippayattu Malla-yuddha Pehlwani Silambam Vajra Mushti Iran: Varzesh-e Pahlavani Ireland: Bataireacht Israel: Krav Maga Italy: Italian school of swordsmanship Japan: Aikido BattÅ?jutsu HojÅ?jutsu IaidÅ? Iaijutsu JÅ?dÅ? Judo Jujutsu JÅ«kendÅ? Juttejutsu Kendo KenpÅ? Kenjutsu KyÅ«dÅ? KyÅ«jutsu Naginatajutsu Ninjutsu Shurikenjutsu SÅ?jutsu Sumo Korea: Hapkido Hankumdo Hwa Rang Do Subak Ssireum Taekkyeon Taekwondo Tang Soo Do Philippines: Eskrima Modern Arnis Sikaran Yawyan Panantukan Nigeria: Dambe Portugal: Jogo do Pau Russia: Fistfight Sambo Systema RyÅ«kyÅ« Kingdom: Karate Okinawan kobudÅ? Switzerland: Schwingen Thailand: Muay Thai Turkey: YaÄŸlı GüreÅŸ Amarok Sayokan United Kingdom Bartitsu Catch wrestling United States of America: Jeet Kune Do Kajukenbo Marine Corps Martial Arts Program Modern Army Combatives Collegiate wrestling Uzbekistan Kurash Vietnam: Vovinam Unknown or no single origin: Boxing Fencing Silat Stick fighting Wrestling Articles Columbus Ledger-Enquirer Air Force Times JAN 2008 USASOC Public Affairs TRADOC Public Affairs TRADOC Association of the U. S. Army Army Times MAY 2007 Army Times DEC 2006 Army Times DEC 2006 Army Times NOV 2006 Army Times OCT 2005 Army Times OCT 2005 Army Times APR 2004 Army Times OCT 2003 Army Times OCT 2003 NCO Journal USASOC Ft. Benning Bayonet Ft. Leonard Wood Guidon Ultimate Grappling Magazine Kansas State University On The Guard, Newspaper of the National Guard Page 8-9 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Combatives Categories: Hybrid martial arts | United States Army Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 12 September 2008, at 14:1
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