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14-September-2008 12:50:29 - Così fan tutte Redirected from Cosi fan tutte Operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebotes 1767 Apollo et Hyacinthus 1767 Bastien und Bastienne 1768 La finta semplice 1769 Mitridate, re di Ponto 1770 Ascanio in Alba 1771 Il sogno di Scipione 1772 Lucio Silla 1772 La finta giardiniera 1775 Il re pastore 1775 Thamos, König in Ägypten 1779 Zaide 1780 Idomeneo 1781 Die Entführung aus dem Serail 1782 L'oca del Cairo 1783 Lo sposo deluso 1784 Der Schauspieldirektor 1786 The Marriage of Figaro 1786 Don Giovanni 1787 Così fan tutte 1790 La clemenza di Tito 1791 The Magic Flute 1791 v d e Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti Thus Do They All, or The School For Lovers K. 588, is an opera buffa by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto was written by Lorenzo da Ponte. Così fan tutte often shortened to Così in the English-speaking world is one of the three Mozart operas for which da Ponte wrote the libretto. The other two da Ponte-Mozart collaborations were Le nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni. Così was written and composed at the suggestion of the Emperor Joseph II. The libretto was originally intended to be set to music by Mozart's contemporary Antonio Salieri but Salieri only completed parts of the first act and then broke off work on the opera. The title, Così fan tutte, literally means Thus do all women but it is often translated as Women are like that. The words are sung by the three men in Act II, Scene xiii, just before the finale. Da Ponte had used the line Così fan tutte le belle earlier in Le nozze di Figaro in Act I, Scene vii. Contents 1 Performance history 2 Roles 3 Synopsis 3.1 Act 1 3.2 Act 2 4 Selected recordings 5 Media 6 Modern adaptations 7 See also 8 References 9 External links Performance history The first performance of Mozart's setting took place at the Burgtheater in Vienna on January 26, 1790. The subject matter see synopsis below did not offend Viennese sensibilities of the time, but throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries it was considered risqué. The opera was rarely performed, and when it did appear it was presented in one of several bowdlerised libretti. After World War II, it regained its place in the standard operatic repertoire. It is frequently performed and appears as number fifteen on Opera America's list of the 20 most-performed operas in North America1. Roles Role Voice type Premiere Cast, January 26, 1790 Conductor: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Fiordiligi, Lady from Ferrara and sister to Dorabella, living in Naples dramatic coloratura soprano Adriana Ferrarese Dorabella, Lady from Ferrara and sister to Fiordiligi, living in Naples lyric mezzo-soprano Louise Luisa Villeneuve Guglielmo, Lover of Fiordiligi lyric baritone Francesco Benucci Ferrando, Lover of Dorabella tenore di grazia Vincenzo Calvesi Despina, a maid soubrette Dorotea Bussani Don Alfonso, an old philosopher basso buffo Francesco Bussani Chorus: soldiers, servants, sailors While the use of modern fach titles and categories has become customary, it should be noted that Mozart was far more general in his own descriptions of voice type: Fiordiligi soprano, Dorabella soprano, Guglielmo bass, Ferrando tenor, Despina soprano, Don Alfonso bass.2 Synopsis Mozart and Da Ponte took as a theme fiancée swapping which dates back to the 13th century, with notable earlier versions being those of Boccaccio's Decameron and Shakespeare's play Cymbeline. Elements from Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew are also present. Furthermore, it incorporates elements of the myth of Procris as found in Ovid's Metamorphoses, vii.3 Place: Naples. Time: the 18th century. Act 1 In a coffee shop, Ferrando and Guglielmo two officers claim that their fiancées Dorabella and Fiordiligi, respectively will be eternally faithful. Don Alfonso joins the discussion and lays a wager with the two officers, claiming he can prove in a day's time that these two women like all women are fickle. The wager is accepted: the two officers will pretend to have been called off to war; soon thereafter they shall return in disguise and attempt to seduce each other's lover. The scene shifts to the two women they are sisters who are praising their men. Alfonso arrives to announce the bad news: the officers have been called off to war. Ferrando and Guglielmo arrive, brokenhearted, and bid farewell quintet: Sento, o Dio, che questo piedo è restio-I feel, oh God, that my foot is reluctant. As the boat with the men sails off to sea, Alfonso and the sisters wish them safe travel trio: Soave sia il vento-May the wind be gentle, then Alfonso, left alone, rails against the fickleness of women arioso: Oh, poverini, per femmina giocar cento zecchini?-Oh, poor little ones, to wager 100 sequins on a woman. The scene shifts to a room in the sisters' home. Despina, their maid, arrives and asks what is wrong. Dorabella bemoans the torment of having been left alone aria: Smanie implacabili-Torments implacable. Despina mocks the sisters, advising them to consider new lovers over old lovers aria: In uomini, in soldati, sperare fedeltà ?-In men, in soldiers, you hope for faithfulness?. After they depart, Alfonso arrives upon the scene. He fears Despina will recognize the men through their disguises, so he bribes her into helping him win the bet. The two men then arrive, dressed as mustachioed Albanians. The sisters enter and are alarmed by the presence of strange men in their home. The Albanians attempt to win over the sisters, Guglielmo going so far as to point out all of his manly attributes aria: Non siate ritrosi-Don't be shy, but to no avail aria: Come scoglio-Like a rock. Ferrando, left alone and sensing victory, praises his love aria: Un'aura amorosa-A loving breath. The scene shifts to a garden, with the sisters still pining. But Despina has asked Don Alfonso to let her take over the seduction plan-and suddenly, the Albanians burst in the scene and threaten to poison themselves if they are not allowed the chance to woo the sisters. As Alfonso tries to calm them, they drink the poison and pass out. Soon thereafter, a doctor arrives on the scene Despina in disguise, who, through use of a large magnet see animal magnetism, is able to revive the Albanians. The revived men, hallucinating, demand a kiss of the goddesses who stand before them. The sisters refuse, even as Alfonso and the doctor Despina urge them to acquiesce. Act 2 The act opens in the sisters' bedroom, with Despina urging them to succumb to the Albanians' overtures aria: Una donna a quindici anni-A fifteen year old woman. After she leaves, Dorabella confesses to Fiordiligi that she is tempted, and the two agree that a mere flirtation will do no harm and will help them pass the time while they wait for their lovers to return duet: Prenderò quel brunettino-I will take the dark one. The scene shifts to the garden, where Dorabella and the disguised Guglielmo pair off, as do the other two. The conversation is haltingly uncomfortable, and Ferrando departs with Fiordiligi. Now alone, Guglielmo attempts to woo Dorabella. She does not resist strongly, and soon she has given him a medallion with Ferrando's portrait inside in exchange for a heart-shaped locket duet: Il core vi dono-I give you my heart. Ferrando is less successful with Fiordiligi Ferrando's aria: Ah, lo veggio-Ah, I see it, and Fiordiligi's aria: Per pietà , ben mio, perdona-Please, my beloved, forgive, so he is enraged when he later finds out from Guglielmo that the medallion with his portrait has been so quickly given away to a new lover. Guglielmo at first sympathises with Ferrando aria: Donne mie, la fate a tanti-My ladies, you do it to so many but then gloats, because his betrothed is faithful. The scene changes to the sister's room, where Dorabella admits her indiscretion to Fiordiligi È amore un ladroncello-Love is a little thief. Fiordiligi, upset by this development, decides to go to the army and find her betrothed. Before she can leave, though, Ferrando arrives and continues his attempted seduction. Fiordiligi finally succumbs and falls into his arms duet: Fra gli amplessi-In the embraces. Guglielmo is distraught while Ferrando turns Guglielmo's earlier gloating back on him. Alfonso, winner of the wager, tells the men to forgive their fiancées. After all: Così fan tutte-All women are like that. The final scene begins as a double wedding for the sisters and their Albanian grooms. Despina, in disguise as a notary, presents the marriage contract, which all sign. Directly thereafter, military music is heard in the distance, indicating the return of the officers. Alfonso confirms the sisters' fears: Ferrando and Guglielmo are on their way to the house. The Albanians hurry off to hide actually, to change out of their disguises. They return as the officers, professing their love. Alfonso drops the marriage contract in front of the officers, and, when they read it, they become enraged. They then depart and return moments later, half in Albanian disguise, half as officers. Despina has been revealed to be the notary, and the sisters realize they have been duped. All is ultimately forgiven, as the entire group praises the ability to accept life's unavoidable good times and bad times. Selected recordings Year Cast Fiordiligi, Dorabella, Despina, Ferrando, Guglielmo, Alfonso Opera House and Orchestra, conductor Label 1935 Ina Souez, Luise Helletsgruber, Irene Eisinger, Heddle Nash, Willi Domgraf-Fassbaender John Brownlee Glyndebourne Festival Chorus and Orchestra, Fritz Busch first ever recording Audio CD: Naxos Records remastered 2004 1952 Eleanor Steber, Blanche Thebom, Roberta Peters, Richard Tucker, Frank Guarrera, Lorenzo Alvary Metropolitan Opera Chorus and Orchestra, Fritz Stiedry Audio CD: Columbia Records 1954 Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Nan Merriman, Lisa Otto, Leopold Simoneau, Rolando Panerai, Sesto Bruscantini Philharmonia Orchestra and Chorus, Herbert von Karajan Audio CD: EMI Classics 1955 Lisa della Casa, Christa Ludwig, Emmy Loose, Anton Dermota, Erich Kunz, Paul Schoffler Vienna State Opera Chorus and Orchestra, Karl Böhm Audio CD: Decca 1962 Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, Christa Ludwig, Hanny Steffek, Alfredo Kraus, Giuseppe Taddei, Walter Berry Philharmonia Orchestra and Chorus, Karl Böhm Audio CD: EMI Classics re-issued 2000 1992 Amanda Roocroft, Rosa Mannion, Eirian James, Rainer Trost, Rodney Gilfry, Carlos Feller Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists, John Eliot Gardiner Audio CD: Archiv Produktion Deutsche Grammophon also released on DVD in 2002 with Claudio Nicolai in place of Carlos Feller 1999 Véronique Gens, Bernarda Fink, Graciela Oddone, Werner Güra, Marcel Boone, Pietro Spagnoli Concerto Köln, Kolner Kammerchor, René Jacobs Audio CD: Harmonia Mundi Media Così fan tutte act II - No. 19 aria - una donna a quindici anni Play sound Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen Così fan tutte Act II - No. 26 aria - Donne mie la fate a tanti Play sound Baritone and keyboard reduction Problems playing the files? See media help. Modern adaptations Louis Nowra's Così is a theatre production set in the 1970s in a Melbourne mental hospital. A young director is asked to put on a play with inpatients, and a Mozart-obsessed patient ensures that the production is Così fan Tutte, in spite of the fact that none of them can sing, nor speak Italian. See also List of Mozart's operas References ^ OPERA America's The Top 20 list of most-performed operas ^ As evidenced by Baerenreiter's critical ions of the opera and corresponding articles in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera ^ Synopsis taken from Leo Melitz, The Opera Goer's Complete Guide, 1921 version. External links Così fan tutte: Score and critical report German in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe Complete libretto Full score Mozart at the Met, Time, 7 January 1952 Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte Categories: Italian-language operas | Opera buffa | Operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | 1790 operas | Operas Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Français Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português Română Runa Simi РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 8 September 2008, at 22:2
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