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14-September-2008 12:50:30 - Dharmacakra For other uses, see Dharmacakra disambiguation. Part of a series on Buddhism Portal History Major Figures Practices Countries Schools Texts Related topics view full index The Dharmachakra Sanskrit or Dhammachakka PÄ?li, Tibetan chos kyi 'khor lo, Chinese fălún 法輪, Wheel of Dharma is a symbol representing dharma law in Hinduism and the Buddha's teaching of the path to enlightenment. It is also sometimes translated as wheel of doctrine or wheel of law. A similar symbol is also in use in Jainism. It is one of the Ashtamangala Symbols Contents 1 History 2 Symbolism 3 Multiple turnings of the Wheel 4 Other uses 5 See also 6 Further reading History The Dharmacakra symbol is represented as a chariot wheel Sanskrit cakram with eight or more spokes. It is the oldest known Buddhist symbol found in Indian art, appearing with the first surviving post-Harappan Indian iconography in the time of the Buddhist king AÅ›okaḥ. The Dharmacakra has been used by all Buddhist nations as a symbol ever since. In its simplest form, the Dharmacakra is recognized globally as a symbol for Buddhism. Symbolism A simplified version of the Dharmacakra A simplified version of the Dharmacakra The eight spokes represent the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism. They are said to have sharp edges to cut through ignorance. Other symbolism in the eight-spoked Dharmacakra in Buddhism: Its overall shape is that of a circle cakra, representing the perfection of the dharma teaching The hub stands for discipline, which is the essential core of mation practice The rim, which holds the spokes, refers to mindfulness or samadhi which holds everything together The corresponding mudrÄ?, or symbolic hand gesture, is known as the Dharmacakra MudrÄ?. The Dharmacakra is one of the eight auspicious symbols of Tibetan Buddhism. The dharma wheel can refer to the dissemination of the dharma teaching from country to country. In this sense the dharma wheel began rolling in India, carried on to Central Asia, and then arrived in South East Asia and East Asia. Dharmacakra on Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet. Dharmacakra on Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, Tibet. Multiple turnings of the Wheel Main article: Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma Mahayana schools classify Buddhist teachings in turns of a sequential scheme of development, in which the Buddha began with simple teachings and proceeded to more complex and difficult teachings. These phases are called turnings of the Dharmacakra Sanskrit: dharmacakra-pravartana. All Buddhists agree that the original turning of the wheel occurred when the Buddha taught the five ascetics who became his first disciples at the Deer Park in Sarnath. In memory of this, the Dharmacakra is sometimes represented with a deer on each side. In TheravÄ?da Buddhism, this was the only turning of the wheel, and later developments of the Buddhist doctrine which do not appear in the Pali Canon or the Agamas are not accepted as teachings of the historical Buddha. Other schools of Buddhism, such as the MahÄ?yÄ?na and VajrÄ?yÄ?na distinguish later turnings. Specific accounts of them vary. In one, the first turning of the Dharmacakra is Gautama Buddha's original teaching, in particular the Four Noble Truths which describes the mechanics of attachment, desire, suffering, and liberation via the Eightfold Path; the second turning is the teaching of the Perfection of Wisdom sutra, a foundational text of Mahayana Buddhism; and the third is the teaching of the Mahavairocana Sutra, a foundational text of Tantric Buddhism. In another scheme, the second turning of the Dharmacakra is the Abhidharma, the third is the MahÄ?yÄ?na Perfection of Wisdom Sutras, and the fourth is the Yogacarya Cittamatrin sutras that teach the TathÄ?gatagarbha. Other uses Unicode dharmacakra Unicode dharmacakra In the Unicode computer standard, the Dharmacakra is called the Wheel of Dharma and found in the eight-spoked form. It is represented as U+2638 ☸. The Dharmacakra is also the U.S. Armed Forces military chaplain insignia for Buddhist chaplains. The dharmacakra from the Lion Capital of Asoka at Sarnath is the national emblem of India. It represents the dharma i.e. natural conduct of a nation. The wheel is also in the Flag of India, where it replaced the spinning wheel originally displayed on the party flag of the Indian National Congress. The national flag of the former Kingdom of Sikkim in the Himalayas featured a version of the Dharmacakra. The National Flag of India has the Ashoka Chakra at its center The flag of the Kingdom of Sikkim featured a version of the Dharmacakra In Jainism, the Dharmachakra is worshipped as a symbol of the dharma. Many other chakras appear in other Indian traditions, e.g. Vishnu's Sudarshana Chakra, which is, however, a wheel-shaped weapon and not a representation of a teaching. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dharmacakra Ashtamangala Chakravarti Further reading Dorothy C. Donath 1971. Buddhism for the West: TheravÄ?da, MahÄ?yÄ?na and VajrayÄ?na; a comprehensive review of Buddhist history, philosophy, and teachings from the time of the Buddha to the present day. Julian Press. ISBN 0-07-017533-0. . v d e Buddhism Portal Concepts History - Timeline Schools Texts Countries - Regions Culture Lists: Temples - People - Topics v d e Buddhism topics History Timeline · Gautama Buddha · Buddhist councils · History of Buddhism in India · Decline of Buddhism in India · Ashoka the Great · Greco-Buddhism · Silk Road transmission of Buddhism Foundations Three Jewels Buddha, Dharma, Sangha · Four Noble Truths · Noble Eightfold Path · Nirvana · Middle Way Key Concepts Three Marks of Existence: Impermanence, Suffering, Not-self · Dependent Origination · Five Aggregates · Karma · Vipaka · Rebirth · Samsara · Defilements · Five Hindrances · Ten Fetters · Enlightenment Qualities · Perfections · JhÄ?na · Sense Bases · Four Great Elements · Renunciation · Bodhi · Parinirvana · Two truths doctrine · Emptiness · Bodhicitta · Bodhisattva · Buddha-nature · Bhumi · Trikaya Cosmology Ten spiritual realms · Six Realms Hell, Animal realm, Hungry Ghost realm, Asura realm, Human realm, Heaven · Three Spheres Practices Threefold Training: Morality, Concentration, Wisdom · Buddhist devotion · Taking refuge · Four Divine Abidings: Loving-kindness, Compassion, Sympathetic joy, Equanimity · Mindfulness · Merit · Puja: Offerings, Prostration, Chanting · Paritta · Generosity · Morality: Five Precepts, Eight Precepts, Ten Precepts, Bodhisattva vows, Patimokkha · Bhavana · Mation: Kammaá¹á¹hÄ?na, Recollection, Mindfulness of Breathing, Serenity mation, Insight mation, Shikantaza, Zazen, KÅ?an, Mandala, Tonglen, Tantra Attainment Types of Buddha · Bodhisattva · Four stages of enlightenment: Stream-enterer, Once-returner, Non-returner, Arahant Monasticism Monk · Nun · Novice monk · Novice nun · Anagarika · Ajahn · Sayadaw · Zen master · Roshi · Lama · Rinpoche · Geshe · Tulku · Householder · Lay follower · Disciple · Ngagpa Texts Tipitaka Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Commentaries · Mahayana sutras · Chinese Buddhist canon Tripitaka Koreana · Tibetan Buddhist canon Major Figures Gautama Buddha · SÄ?riputta · MahamoggallÄ?na · Ananda · Maha Kassapa · Buddhaghosa · Nagasena · Bodhidharma · Nagarjuna · Asanga · Padmasambhava · Dalai Lama Branches Theravada · Mahayana: Chan/Zen, Pure Land, Tendai, Nichiren, Madhyamaka, Yogacara · Vajrayana: Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon · Early Buddhist schools · Pre-sectarian Buddhism · Basic points unifying Theravada and Mahayana Countries Bhutan · Burma · Cambodia · China · India · Indonesia · Japan · Korea · Laos · Malaysia · Mongolia · Nepal · Russia · Singapore · Sri Lanka · Thailand · Tibet · Vietnam · Western countries Comparative Buddhism Science · Psychology · Hinduism · Jainism · East Asian religions · Christianity · Theosophy · Gnosticism Lists Buddhists · Buddhas · Twenty-eight Buddhas · Bodhisattvas · Temples · Books · Buddhism-related topics · Terms and concepts Miscellaneous topics TathÄ?gata · Maitreya · AvalokiteÅ›vara Guan Yin · AmitÄ?bha · BrahmÄ? · MÄ?ra · Dhammapada · Visuddhimagga · Vinaya · Sutra · Abhidharma · Buddhist philosophy · Eschatology · Reality in Buddhism · God in Buddhism · Liturgical languages: Pali, Sanskrit · Dharma talk · Buddhist calendar · Kalpa · Buddhism and evolution · Buddhism and homosexuality · Fourteen unanswerable questions · Ethics · Culture · Monastic robe · Cuisine · Vegetarianism · Art · Greco-Buddhist art · Buddha statue · Budai · Symbolism Dharmacakra · Flag · Bhavacakra · Mantra Om mani padme hum · Prayer wheel · Mala · Mudra · Holidays · Vesak · Uposatha · Vassa · Architecture: Vihara, Wat, Stupa, Pagoda · Pilgrimage: Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar · Bodhi tree · Mahabodhi Temple · Higher Knowledge · Supernormal Powers · Miracles of the Buddha · Physical characteristics of the Buddha · Family of the Buddha Category · Portal Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Dharmacakra Categories: Sanskrit words and phrases | Pali words and phrases | Buddhist symbols | Jain symbols | Tibetan Buddhist practices Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Ù?ارسی 日本語 Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÄ?ina ไทย Tiếng Việt ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 4 September 2008, at 03:40
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