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14-September-2008 12:50:31 - Naturopathic Medicine This article is about the medical degree held by naturopathic primary health care providers in North America. For information about the differences between these and other programs in North America and worldwide, see Naturopathy. Alternative medical systems - Ayurveda Chiropractic Herbalism Homeopathy Naturopathic medicine Osteopathy Traditional Chinese medicine Folk medicine NCCAM classifications Alternative Medical Systems Mind-Body Intervention Biologically Based Therapy Manipulative and body-based methods Energy Therapy See also Alternative medicine Glossary of alternative medicine List of branches of alternative medicine Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine ND, or in Arizona also Naturopathic Medical Doctor, or NMD refers to the medical degree granted by an accred naturopathic medical school. Practitioners who hold such a degree may also use the term 'Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine' as a legaly protected professional title in certain jurisdictions. Equivalent professional titles may be reserved for NDs in other jurisdictions Naturopathic Doctor, Naturopathic Physician, Naturopath, and Doctor of Naturopathy. Naturopathic doctors in North America practice as primary care providers of naturopathic medicine. Naturopathic medicine is a complementary and alternative medicine which emphasizes the body's intrinsic ability to heal and maintain itself. Naturopaths prefer to use natural remedies such as herbs and foods rather than surgery or synthetic drugs. Naturopathic practice includes many different modalities. Practitioners emphasize a holistic approach to patient care, and may recommend patients use conventional medicine alongside their treatments. Contents 1 History of the naturopathic degree 2 Professional titles used by NDs in North America 3 The Naturopathic diploma in the United Kingdom 4 References 5 See also History of the naturopathic degree The 19th century: the nature doctor and drugless therapy. The lineage of the naturopathic medical tradition is traced back to the hydrotherapy tradition of Eastern Europe, and particularly the influence of Vincent Priessnitz. As the treatments of these practitioners grew to encompass diet lifestyle counseling, and botanical medicine, Bavarian physician Lorenz Gleich 1798-1865 first advocated for the use of the term naturarzt, or nature doctor. This tradition first became well known globally in the late 19th century through the successes of Bavarian priest Sebastian Kneipp. Kneipp influenced Benedict Lust to open the American School of Naturopathy in New York City, in 1901, the first naturopathic medical school in the world. Lust also founded the American Naturopathic Association, the first naturopathic professional organization. Other early American schools granting the ND degree were the Naturopathic College of California and the Lindlahr College of Nature Cure and Osteopathy, which also granted a DDT Doctor of Drugless Therapy degree1. Many chiropractic schools began offering ND programs in addition to the chiropractic degree. There were as many as a dozen or two institutions granting the ND in the 1920s and 1930s, and during their heyday, naturopaths were licensed to practice under naturopathic or drugless practitioner laws in 25 states. Decline after 1945 After Lust's death in 1945, the profession splintered philosophically and regionally, and the American Naturopathic Association itself fractionated into 6 different professional organizations. During the 1940s and 1950s, chiropractic schools started dropping their ND programs. From 1940 to 1963, the American Medical Association lobbied effectively against heterodox medical systems, including naturopathy, and Tennessee and Texas legislated against the practice of naturopathy2. A 1927 AMA study listed 12 naturopathic schools with fewer than 200 students among them. During the 1920s and 1930s, about half the states passed laws under which naturopaths and/or drugless healers could practice. However, as modern medicine developed, many of these laws were repealed and all but a few mail-order schools ceased operations. The doctor of naturopathy N.D. degree was still available at several chiropractic colleges, but in 1955, Western States Chiropractic College, the last remaining institution granting the ND degree, ended its naturopathic program. The National College of Naturopathic Medicine NCNM was founded in 1956 in Portland, Oregon, but, until the mid-1970s, had very few students. From 1960 through 1968, the average enrollment was eight and the total number of graduates was 16. Modern renewal In order to keep the profession alive, Dr. Frank Spaulding toured the United States in 1955 and raised pledges totaling $100,000 in monthly installments from naturopaths to start a naturopathic college3, which was chartered in 1956 as the National College of Naturopathic Medicine NCNM. Today, in North America, a doctor of naturopathic medicine N.D. or N.M.D. credential is available from six accred full-time schools of naturopathic medicine. The accring agency for naturopathic medical schools, the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education was first recognized by the the U.S. Secretary of Education in 1987. The CNME lost this recognition in 2001 following difficulties at one of its member schools, Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine. Recognition of the CNME was restored in 2003. The naturopathic medical curriculum at the full-time CNME accred schools follows a pattern similar to that of medical and osteopathic schools: two years of basic science courses and two or more years of clinical work.citation needed Three years of premedical college prerequisites are required for admission. Approximately 950 students were enrolled in the six accred schools in 2007. The traditional naturopath One of the factions into which the naturopathic profession split after Benedict Lust's death was a group that believed naturopathic education should be de-medicalized. This group has their own organization, the American Naturopathic Medical Association, for individuals who have been granted diplomas by correspondence schools.4 The professional organizations formed by traditional naturopaths are not recognized by the Canadian or U.S. Government, and these individuals are not legally entitled to practice medicine or call themselves NDs in jurisdictions which protect the title. The curriculum of the non-accred schools varies. One correspondence school, the Progressive Universal Life Church, offers a Ph.D. in Naturopathy for $250 plus life experience with no coursework. Another non-accred school offers a Naturopathic Practitioner diploma to eligible individuals who complete a 15-month program of home-study plus a dozen weekend seminars. Many of these courses are offered not in person but online. 1,2,3 Professional titles used by NDs in North America Although all graduates from accred naturopathic medical schools may use the academic title Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine and the abreviation ND, there is no standardised professional title in use in North America. Jurisdictions that regulate the practice of naturopathic medicine legaly require the use of various professional titles. All of the following may be used in regulated jurisdictions to signify an ND who has received a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from a four year CNME accred school:5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine - Arizona, New Hampshire, Utah, Washington, Minnesota, British Columbia. Doctor of Naturopathy - Oregon, Manitoba. Naturopathic Doctor - Alaska, California, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia. Naturopathic Physician - District of Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Vermont, British Columbia, Saskatchewan. Naturopath - Connecticut. Doctor in Naturopathy - Puerto Rico12 Doctor en Naturopatia - Puerto Rico13 In some unregulated jurisdictions anyone may call themselves an ND or use any of the titles above, regardless of training. In other unregulated regions, no one may use these professional titles, especially if the word 'Doctor' is strictly controlled, or if naturopathic medicine itself is illegal as it is in South Carolina and Tennessee. The Naturopathic diploma in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a related degree, the Naturopathic Diploma is granted to a healthcare professional Medical Doctor, Osteopath, Chiropractor, Nurse who has completed a two year post-graduate Naturopathic Diploma, or to a graduate of one of the two osteopathic colleges that grants the Naturopathic Diploma, the British College of Osteopathic Medicine and The College of Osteopaths Educational Trust. Naturopaths are registered by the General Council and Register of Naturopaths.14 Naturopaths in the UK do not perform minor surgery or have prescribing rights. References ^ Kirchfeld, Friedhelm, and Wade Boyle. Nature Doctors: Pioneers in Naturopathic Medicine. Medicina Biologica, 1994. ISBN 0962351857 ^ Baer, Hans A. Toward an Integrative Medicine. AltaMira Press, 2004, pp 35-38. ISBN 075910302X ^ NCNM News 2005. ^ Iowa Board of Medicine Policy Statement on Naturopathy 2002. ^ 2008 Sunrise Review: Naturopathic Physicians 2008. ^ Minnesota licensure 2008. ^ Naturopathy Act Ontario. ^ Naturopathic Physicians Regulation British Columbia. ^ The Naturopathic Act Manitoba. ^ The Naturopathy Act Saskatchewan. ^ Naturopathic Doctors Act Nova Scotia. ^ Year:1997-law #208. ^ Ley 208. ^ General Council and Register of Naturopaths Requirements for Registration 2008. See also List of naturopathic medical schools in North America Association of Accred Naturopathic Medical Colleges Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Doctor_of_Naturopathic_Medicine Categories: Naturopathic medicine | Alternative medicine | Alternative medical systemsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 13 September 2008, at 04:0
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