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14-September-2008 12:50:31 - Egyptian stick fencing Egyptian stick fencing Egyptian Arabic: تØطيب á¹aḥá¹Ä«b is an ancient martial arts dance. It is practiced during religious ceremonies, processions, and as sport or game, dating back to ancient Egypt. It is also one of the oldest forms of martial arts in the world and the oldest Egyptian martial arts dance. Contents 1 History 2 Today 3 The stick 4 Adaptions 4.1 Music 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References History The ancient Egyptians performed stick fencing or stick fighting as a form of entertainment.1 This type of fencing was probably based on actual fighting systems used in combat with a shield and a sword - as with the wooden bokken or bamboo shinai in kendo - which then evolved into a system with its own rules and methods. The fighting stick does not appear to have been used as a battlefield weapon; rather it was used primarily as a training tool and/or for sport.2 There were advantages of teaching stick fighting, along with other combat sports such as a wrestling, the main advantage being that the Egyptian army could be kept trained and ready for war. In many respects it resembles the sport of single stick. Some assumptions have to be made in order to understand the stick fighting technique of the ancient Egyptians. Their rules were probably simple and few, and there are two schools of thought on the main objective: the contest was one of either endurance or skill. There is stronger evidence, however, that the game was one of skill and that striking the head was a primary goal. Stick fighting has a long history in Africa and its origins as mentioned above can be found woven in to its many cultures and societies. The art of stick fighting in Egypt around the twenty-first dynasty might have been similar to kenjutsu of Japan where a wooden bokken is used. A curved stick resembling the rungu of eastern Africa without the knobbed end was used in conjunction with a shield. Shabbako Sabtah, Shebitku Sabbtecha, and Tantamun Taiharcha reputedly saved Jeruselem and Egypt more than once from the attacks of Sanachareb, and later, Esshardon of Assyria using this system of combat.citation needed Sabbekka and other wrestling or grappling systems also used daggers, but in practice used small sticks to limit serious harm to practitioners. Today Stick fencing continues to be practiced by Egyptians, particularly during festivals and the month of Ramadan. Stick fighting usually a mock fight, but sometimes someone will force it to become real and stick dancing is performed during marriage ceremonies. It is called tahteeb or tahtib and still practiced in upper Egypt. The basics of Tahtib are very similar to those demonstrated by African Martial Arts experts, although this comes as no surprise because of the link through Egypt. The hanging guard and the overhead exhanges predominate these matches, with much faking and other stylistic elements that involve energy sensitivity and a counter-for-counter flow. The fight is accompanied by drummers, and is an event with its own ceremony and rules of conduct much like other martial arts. Stick fighting has also been used to settle disputes between members of rival families, mostly in the Egyptian countryside.citation needed The stick The stick itself is about four feet in length and is called an Asa, Asaya or Assaya, or Nabboot. It is often flailed in large figure-8 patterns across the body with such speed and violence that the displacement of air is loudly discernible. There is another form practiced from horseback known as Horse Stepping which uses a stick that is nearly 12 feet 3.7 m long. Adaptions The stick is regarded as a symbol of masculinity, i.e. a phallus. Although the dance form originally started as male-only, there are women who perform dressed as men and dance with other women. Another female version of stick dancing has been developed with a flirtatious and generally less aggressive style, and incorporated into cabaret or belly dance. The stick used for this type of dancing is generally thinner, more lightweight and hooked at one end like a cane, and generally embellished with metallic-coloured foil or sequins. The costume worn is usually folkloric: a simple Baladi dress, although Ra's el Assaya Dance of the Stick is often performed as part of the popularized cabaret dance set. Performance styles include balancing the cane on head, hip or shoulder. Music The music used in Tahtib features the tahvol bass drum and mizmar shrill pipe. The tahvol is a double-sided drum worn with a shoulder strap so it hangs sideways in front of the drummer and is played with two sticks. The right hand uses a heavier stick with a hooked head to beat out the dooms which drive the heartbeat of the rhythm, while the left hand uses a light twig as a switch to produce rapid-fire staccato taks. Doom = the deep sound from striking the center of the drum with the right hand or with a knobbed stick; Tak = the higher sound from striking the edge of the drum with the left hand or with a light switch. See also Kenjutsu Kendo JÅ?dÅ? Fencing Nguni stick fighting Single stick Eskrima Notes ^ Brewer 2007, p. 120 ^ Shaw 1999, ch, 5 References Brewer, Douglas J. 2007. Egypt and the Egyptians, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521851505. Poliakoff, Michael B. August 1987. Combat Sports in the Ancient World: Competition, Violence, and Culture, Sport and history series in English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 228. ISBN 0300037686. Shaw, Ian 1999. Egyptian Warfare and Weapons. Oxford: Shire Publications. ISBN 0747801428. v d e Martial arts by focus Martial arts are listed by area of primary focus. Note that they may include training in the other areas. Striking BÄ?jÃquán · Boxing · Capoeira · Dambe · Fistfight · Fujian White Crane · Karate · KenpÅ? · Kickboxing · Lethwei · Muay Thai · Pradal Serey · Savate · Silat · Subak · Shaolin kung fu · Taekwondo · Tangsoodo · Wing Chun Grappling Aikido · Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu · Glima · Judo · Jujutsu · Kinomichi · Malla-yuddha · Varzesh-e Pahlavani · Pehlwani · Sambo · Shuai Jiao · Ssireum · Sumo · Wrestling Weaponry BattÅ?jutsu · Eskrima · Egyptian stick fencing · Fencing · Gatka · IaidÅ? · Iaijutsu · JÅ?dÅ? · Kendo · Kenjutsu · KyÅ«dÅ? · KyÅ«jutsu · Shurikenjutsu · Silambam · SÅ?jutsu Mixed, hybrid, and multi-discipline Baguazhang · Bando · Bartitsu · Hapkido · Hung Ga · Hwa Rang Do · Jeet Kune Do · Kalarippayattu · Krav Maga · MCMAP · Northern Praying Mantis · Ninjutsu · Pankration · Pencak Silat · San Shou · Shootfighting · Systema · Tai chi chuan · Vajra Mushti · Xingyiquan v d e Martial arts by country of origin The Martial Arts Portal Brazil: Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Capoeira Burma Myanmar: Bando Lethwei Cambodia: Bokator Pradal Serey Canada: Okichitaw China: Baguazhang BÄ?jÃquán Northern Praying Mantis Shaolin kung fu Shuai Jiao Tai chi chuan Wing Chun Xingyiquan Zui Quan Choi Lei Fut Egypt: Egyptian stick fencing France: Kinomichi Savate Greco-Roman wrestling Germany: German school of fencing Greece: Pankration Iceland: Glima India: Gatka Kalarippayattu Malla-yuddha Pehlwani Silambam Vajra Mushti Iran: Varzesh-e Pahlavani Ireland: Bataireacht Israel: Krav Maga Italy: Italian school of swordsmanship Japan: Aikido BattÅ?jutsu HojÅ?jutsu IaidÅ? Iaijutsu JÅ?dÅ? Judo Jujutsu JÅ«kendÅ? Juttejutsu Kendo KenpÅ? Kenjutsu KyÅ«dÅ? KyÅ«jutsu Naginatajutsu Ninjutsu Shurikenjutsu SÅ?jutsu Sumo Korea: Hapkido Hankumdo Hwa Rang Do Subak Ssireum Taekkyeon Taekwondo Tang Soo Do Philippines: Eskrima Modern Arnis Sikaran Yawyan Panantukan Nigeria: Dambe Portugal: Jogo do Pau Russia: Fistfight Sambo Systema RyÅ«kyÅ« Kingdom: Karate Okinawan kobudÅ? Switzerland: Schwingen Thailand: Muay Thai Turkey: YaÄŸlı GüreÅŸ Amarok Sayokan United Kingdom Bartitsu Catch wrestling United States of America: Jeet Kune Do Kajukenbo Marine Corps Martial Arts Program Modern Army Combatives Collegiate wrestling Uzbekistan Kurash Vietnam: Vovinam Unknown or no single origin: Boxing Fencing Silat Stick fighting Wrestling Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Egyptian_stick_fencing Categories: Stick fighting | African martial arts | Sport in EgyptHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since February 2008 | Articles with statements since July 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Deutsch Español This page was last modified on 1 September 2008, at 00:05
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