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14-September-2008 12:50:32 - Esotericism Redirected from Esoteric Arcane redirects here. For other uses, see Arcane disambiguation. Esoteric redirects here. For other uses, see Esoteric disambiguation. Esotericism or, more neatly, Esoterism, the holding of esoteric opinions,1 derives from the Greek á¼?σωτεÏ?ικός esôterikos, a compound of ἔσω esô: within, thus pertaining to the more inward, mystic. Its antonym is exoteric. Esoteric knowledge is that which is available only to a narrow circle of enlightened, initiated, or specially educated people.2 Esoteric items may be known as esoterica.3 In contrast, exoteric knowledge is knowledge that is well-known or public; or perceived as informally canonic in society at large. In Western, English-speaking societies today, the term, esotericism, is not necessarily used in the sense of mystical knowledge or practice, but has come informally to mean any perception or knowledge that is difficult to understand or remember, such as theoretical physics, or else that which pertains to the minutiae of a particular discipline, such as esoteric baseball statistics. Contents 1 Origins 2 Connotations 3 History 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Origins Plato, in his dialogue AlcibÃades circa 390 BC, uses the expression ta esô meaning «the inner things», and in his dialogue Theaetetus circa 360 BC he uses ta eksô meaning «the outside things». The probable first appearance of the Greek adjective esôterikos is in Lucian of Samosata's The Auction of Lives, § 26 also called The Auction of the Philosophical Schools, written around AD 166.4 The term esoteric first appeared in English in the 1701 History of Philosophy by Thomas Stanley, in his description of the mystery-school of Pythagoras; the Pythagoreans were divided into exoteric, under training, and esoteric admitted into the inner circle. Connotations Esotericism sometimes suggests an additional element of initiation. Another possibility is that such knowledge may be kept secret not by the intention of its protectors, but by its very nature-for example, if it is accessible only to those with the proper intellectual background. History Esotericism is not a single tradition but a vast array of often unrelated figures and movements. The Roman Empire had several mystery religions which emphasized initiation. Some saw Christianity, with its ritual of baptism, as a mystery religion. The terms Gnosticism and Gnosis refer to a family of religious movements which claimed to possess secret knowledge gnosis. Another important movement from the ancient world was Hermeticism or Hermetism. The Ismaili Muslims also stress a distinction between the inner and the outer. It is believed that spiritual salvation is attained by receiving the 'Nur' light through the esoteric, that is, spiritual search for enlightenment. While many esoteric subjects have a history reaching back thousands of years, these have generally not survived as continuous traditions. Rather, they have benefited from various antiquarian revival movements. During the Italian Renaissance, for example, translators such as Ficino and Pico della Mirandola turned their attention to the classical literature of neo-Platonism, and what was thought to be the pre-Mosaic tradition of Hermeticism. In the 17th century, European esotericism was reformulated as Rosicrucianism, and later entered various strands of Freemasonry. In the 19th century, a notable French revival in turn gave way to the Theosophy of H. P. Blavatsky. In the 20th century, Theosophy was reformulated by Annie Besant, C. W. Leadbeater, Alice Bailey, Rudolf Steiner and many others. Theosophy is also considered a major influence on the many current varieties of esotericism in metaphysical organizations, Ascended Master Activities, and within the New Age groups. Anthroposophy, a synthesis of Western esoteric traditions and Theosophy founded by Rudolf Steiner in the early part of the 20th century, stimulated developments in education, agriculture, and medicine.5 Yet another notable esoteric strain stems from the teachings of G. I. Gurdjieff and P. D. Ouspensky. See also Spirituality portal Alchemy Anthroposophy Archeosophy Astrology Behmenism Clairvoyance Esoteric Christianity Esoteric cosmology Esotericism in Germany and Austria Freemasonry Gnosticism Hermeticism Kabbalah Karma Lightworker List of Buddhist topics List of spirituality-related topics List of religious, esoteric, metaphysical and mystical symbols List of Western esoteric topics Magic and religion Martinism Merkabah Mysticism Neoplatonism New Age Numerology Occult Odic force Qigong Planes of existence Reincarnation Rosicrucianism Spiritual evolution Spirituality Telepathy Theosophy Western Esotericism Western Esotericism academia Western mystery tradition References ^ Chambers 20thC dictionary, 1972 ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary : esoteric ^ Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary : esoterica ^ http://paginasesotericas.tripod.com/esoterismo.htm ^ Robert McDermott, The Essential Steiner, ISBN 0-06-065345-0, pp. 3-11 Benjamin Walker, Encyclopedia of Esoteric Man: The Hidden Side of the Human Entity, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1977, ISBN 0-7100-8479-X Benjamin Walker, Man and the Beasts Within: The Encyclopedia of the Occult, the Esoteric, and the Supernatural, Stein Day, New York, 1978, ISBN 0-8128-1900-4 Wouter J. Hanegraaff ed. in collaboration with Antoine Faivre, Roelof van den Broek Jean-Pierre Brach, Dictionary of Gnosis and Western Esotericism, 2 vols., Brill, Leiden 2005. Aries: Journal for the Study of Western Esotericism, Brill, Leiden, since 2001. Aries Book Series: Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism, Brill, Leiden, since 2006. Antoine Faivre, Access to Western Esotericism, SUNY Press, Albany 1994. Antoine Faivre, Theosophy, Imagination, Tradition: Studies in Western Esotericism, SUNY Press, Albany 2000. Kocku von Stuckrad, Western Esotericism: A Brief History of Secret Knowledge, Equinox, London / Oakville 2005. Wouter J. Hanegraaff, 'The Study of Western Esotericism: New Approaches to Christian and Secular Culture', in: Peter Antes, Armin W. Geertz Randi R. Warne, New Approaches to the Study of Religion, vol. I: Regional, Critical, and Historical Approaches, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004. External links The external links in this article may not follow 's content policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links. Look up Esotericism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Esoteric Society University of Amsterdam Center for Study of Western Esotericism Research BA/MA programs in Western esotericism. University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism EXESESO Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism EXESESO: Staff MA in Western Esotericism at the University of Exeter ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc. Gnosticweb Free courses on esoteric topics such as astral projection and the esoteric path Revista Bajo los Hielos Spanish René Guénon, Abellio, Evola, Lubicz, etc. Libreria Iniciática - Especializada en temática esotérica Spanish. Timeline of Esoteric History Masonic Esotericism Spanish American Gnostic Association Understanding Esotericism as the root of all religions and systems of spiritual cultivation Esoteric Art - the gallery The first Esoteric Center in Lebanon and the Arab World Teaching the esoteric techniques of self-knowledge... Inner Quest Free education Website v d e Theological thought Acosmism · Agnosticism · Animism · Antireligion · Atheism · Deism · Determinism · Dualism · Esotericism · Gnosticism · Humanism · Krishnaism · Libertarianism · Monism · Mysticism · New Age · New Thought · Nondualism · Pandeism · Pantheism · Theism · Thelema · Theosophy · Transcendentalism · more Religion portal Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Esotericism Categories: EsotericismHidden category: external links cleanup Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Afrikaans Boarisch БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Ù?ارسی Français Furlan Gà idhlig Galego Hrvatski Interlingua Italiano Magyar Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Shqip Simple English SlovenÄ?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska Türkçe Vèneto Võro This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 22:34
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