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09-SEPTEMBER-2008 02:07:44 - Basal body temperature Basal body temperature Background B.C. type Fertility awareness First use 1930s Failure rates first year Perfect use 0.3% Typical use 3.11% Usage Reversibility Immediate User reminders Dependent upon strict user adherence to methodology Clinic review None Advantages and Disadvantages STD protection No Periods Prediction Weight gain No Benefits No side effects, can aid pregnancy achievement Basal body temperature is the body temperature measured immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken. In women, ovulation causes an increase of one-half to one degree Fahrenheit one-quarter to one-half degree Celsius in basal body temperature BBT; monitoring of BBTs is one way of estimating the day of ovulation. The tendency of a woman to have lower temperatures before ovulation, and higher temperatures afterwards, is known as a biphasic pattern. Charting of this pattern may be used as a component of fertility awareness. Contents 1 Hormonal causes of biphasic patterns 2 While trying to conceive 3 While avoiding pregnancy 4 Measurement 5 References Hormonal causes of biphasic patterns The higher levels of estrogen present during the pre-ovulatory follicular phase of the menstrual cycle lower BBTs. The higher levels of progesterone released by the corpus luteum after ovulation raise BBTs. The rise in temperatures can most commonly be seen the day after ovulation, but this varies and BBTs can only be used to estimate ovulation within a three day range.2 If pregnancy does not occur, the disintegration of the corpus luteum causes a drop in BBTs that roughly coincides with the onset of the next menstruation. If pregnancy does occur, the corpus luteum continues to function and maintain high BBTs for the first trimester of the pregnancy. After the first trimester, the woman's body temperature drops to her pre-ovulatory normal as the placenta takes over functions previously performed by the corpus luteum. Very rarely, the corpus luteum may form a cyst. A corpus luteum cyst will cause BBTs to stay elevated and prevent menstruation from occurring until it resolves, which could take weeks or months. While trying to conceive Regular menstrual cycles are often taken as evidence that a woman is ovulating normally, and irregular cycles as evidence she is not. However, many women with irregular cycles do ovulate normally, and some with regular cycles are actually annovulatory or have a luteal phase defect. Records of basal body temperatures can be used to accurately determine if a woman is ovulating, and if the length of the post-ovulatory luteal phase of her menstrual cycle is sufficient to sustain a pregnancy. Pregnancy tests are not accurate until 1-2 weeks after ovulation. Knowing an estimated date of ovulation can prevent a woman from getting false negative results due to testing too early. Also, 18 consecutive days of elevated temperatures means a woman is almost certainly pregnant.3 Tracking basal body temperatures are a more accurate method of estimating gestational age than tracking menstrual periods.4 While avoiding pregnancy Charting of basal body temperatures is used in some methods of fertility awareness, and may be used to determine the onset of post-ovulatory infertility. However, BBTs only show when ovulation has occurred; they do not predict ovulation. Normal sperm life is up to five days,5 making prediction of ovulation several days in advance necessary for avoiding pregnancy. BBT methods often use a rule similar to that of calendar-based methods to determine the beginning of the pre-ovulatory fertile phase. Measurement Glass fever thermometers typically have markings every 0.2ºF 0.1ºC. Basal thermometers require accuracy of at least 0.1ºF 0.05ºC, so special glass basal thermometers are sold separately from glass fever thermometers. All digital thermometers generally read to at least 0.1ºF 0.05ºC and so are suitable for monitoring basal temperatures. Some digital thermometers are marketed as basal thermometers and have extra features such as a larger display, expanded memory functions, or beeping to confirm the thermometer is placed properly. References ^ Döring, GK June 9, 1967. The reliability of temperature records as a method of contraception Ãœber die Zuverlassigkeit der Temperaturmethode Zur Empfangnisverhutung. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift 92 23: 1055-1061. PMID 6024685. ^ Kippley, John; Sheila Kippley 1996. The Art of Natural Family Planning, 4th ion, Cincinnati, OH: The Couple to Couple League, pp.72,298-299. ISBN 0-926412-13-2. ^ Weschler, Toni 2002. Taking Charge of Your Fertility, Revised ion, New York: HarperCollins, p.316. ISBN 0-06-093764-5. ^ Weschler, pp.3-4,155-156, insert p.7 ^ Weschler, p.374 v d e Menstrual cycle Events and phases Menstruation · Follicular phase · Ovulation · Luteal phase Life stages Menarche · Menopause Tracking Signs Basal body temperature · Cervical mucus · Mittelschmerz Systems Fertility awareness · Calendar-based methods · Billings Ovulation Method · Creighton Model Suppression Extended cycle combined oral contraceptive pill · Lactational amenorrhea method Disorders Amenorrhoea · Anovulation · Dysmenorrhea · Hypomenorrhea · Menometrorrhagia · Menorrhagia · Metrorrhagia · Oligomenorrhea Related topics Folliculogenesis · McClintock effect · Premenstrual syndrome v d e Birth control methods Comparison Comparison of birth control methods Behavioral Avoiding vaginal intercourse: Anal sex, Oral sex, Non-penetrative sex, Masturbation, Abstinence Including vaginal intercourse: Fertility awareness, Calendar-based methods rhythm, etc., Withdrawal, Breastfeeding infertility Barrier or spermicidal Condom, Female condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap incl. Lea's, Contraceptive sponge, Spermicide Hormonal Combined: Oral 'the Pill', Contraceptive patch, NuvaRing, Injectable Progestogen only: Oral 'minipill', Depo-Provera, Norplant/Jadelle, Implanon Anti-estrogen Ormeloxifene Centchroman Post-intercourse Emergency contraception pills or copper IUD Intra-uterine IUD copper or progestogen, IUS progestogen Abortion Surgical, Medical RU-486/abortion pill Sterilization Male: Vasectomy Female: Tubal ligation, Essure Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Basal_body_temperature Categories: Gynecology | Fertility tracking Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Svenska This page was last modified on 10 July 2008, at 14:26
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