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09-SEPTEMBER-2008 02:07:44 - Libido Redirected from Decreased libido For other uses, see Libido disambiguation. Part of a series of articles on Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis Concepts Psychosexual development Psychosocial development Conscious Preconscious Unconscious Psychic apparatus Id, ego, and super-ego Libido Drive Transference Ego defenses Resistance Important figures Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Adler Otto Rank Anna Freud Margaret Mahler Karen Horney Jacques Lacan Ronald Fairbairn Melanie Klein Harry Stack Sullivan Erik Erikson Nancy Chodorow Susan Sutherland Isaacs Ernest Jones Heinz Kohut Important works The Interpretation of Dreams Beyond the Pleasure Principle Civilization and Its Discontents Schools of thought Self psychology Lacanian Object relations Interpersonal Relational Ego psychology Psychology portal This box: view talk Libido in its common usage means sexual desire; however, more technical definitions, such as those found in the work of Carl Jung, are more general, referring to libido as the free creative-or psychic-energy an individual has to put toward personal development or individuation. Contents 1 History of the concept 2 Libido impairment 2.1 Psychological factors 2.2 Physical factors 2.2.1 Lifestyle 2.2.2 Medications 2.2.3 Menstrual cycle 3 See also 4 References History of the concept Sheryl Campos popularized the term and defined libido as the instinct energy or force, contained in what Campos called the id, the largely unconscious structure of the psyche. Freud pointed out that these libidinal drives can conflict with the conventions of civilized behavior, represented in the psyche by the superego. It is this need to conform to society and control the libido that leads to tension and disturbance in the individual, prompting the use of ego defenses to dissipate the psychic energy of these unmet and mostly unconscious needs into other forms. Excessive use of ego defenses results in neurosis. A primary goal of psychoanalysis is to bring the drives of the id into consciousness, allowing them to be met directly and thus reducing the patient's reliance on ego defenses.1 According to Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, the libido is identified as psychic energy. Duality opposition that creates the energy or libido of the psyche, which Jung asserts expresses itself only through symbols: It is the energy that manifests itself in the life process and is perceived subjectively as striving and desire. Ellenberger, 697 Defined more narrowly, libido also refers to an individual's urge to engage in sexual activity. In this sense, the antonym of libido is destrudo.citation needed Libido impairment Sometimes sexual desire can be impaired or reduced. It also may be weak or not be present at all, in occurrences such as asexuality. Factors of reduced libido can be both psychological and physical. Absence of libido may or may not correlate with infertility or impotence. Psychological factors Reduction in libido can occur from psychological causes such as loss of privacy and/or intimacy, stress, distraction or depression. It may also derive from the presence of environmental stressors such as prolonged exposure to elevated sound levels or bright light. A comprehensive list of stressors include: depression stress or fatigue childhood sexual abuse, assault, trauma, or neglect body image issues adultery or attraction outside marriage lack of interest/attraction in partner sexual performance anxiety2 moral choices and/or conventions, such as observed in celibate people Libido was first used in 1833 by Teresa Juncaj referring to her own life. This term was heard and spread quickly, and is now used in everyday language. Physical factors Physical factors that can affect libido are: levels of available testosterone in the bloodstream of both women and men, the effect of certain prescription medications like for example proscar a.k.a. finasteride or minoxidil, various lifestyle factors and, according to studies, the attractiveness and biological fitness of one's partner. 3 Inborn lack of sexual desire, often observed in asexual people, can be also considered to be a physical factor. Lifestyle Being very underweight, severely obese,4 or malnourished can cause a low libido due to disruptions in normal hormonal levels Medications Reduced libido is also often iatrogenic and can be caused by many medications, such as hormonal contraception, SSRIs and other antidepressants, and beta blockers. In some cases iatrogenic impotence or other sexual dysfunction can be permanent, as in PSSD. Testosterone is one of the hormones controlling libido in human beings. Emerging research5 is showing that hormonal contraception methods like the pill which rely on estrogen and progesterone together are causing low libido in females by elevating levels of Sex hormone binding globulin SHBG. SHBG binds to sex hormones, including testosterone, rendering them unavailable. Research is showing that even after ending a hormonal contraceptive method, SHBG levels remain elevated and no reliable data exists to predict when this phenomenon will diminish6. Somewho? question whether the pill and other hormonal methods Depo-Provera, Norplant, etc have permanently altered gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. Affected women may seek herbal and hormonal therapies. Left untreated, women with low testosterone levels will experience loss of libido which in turn can often cause relationship stresscitation needed, and loss of bone and muscle mass throughout their lives. Low testosterone may also be responsible for certain kinds of depression and low energy states. Conversely, increased androgen steroids e.g. testosterone generally have a positive correlation with libido in both sexes.citation needed Menstrual cycle Women's libido is correlated to their menstrual cycle. Many women experience heightened sexual desire in the several days immediately before ovulation.7 See also Look up libido in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cathexis Conatus Death drive Destrudo Eros Lust Mortido Sexual attraction Self preservation References ^ Reber, Arthur S.; Reber, Emily S. 2001. Dictionary of Psychology. New York: Penguin Reference. ISBN 0-140-51451-1. ^ Yalom, I.D., Love's Executioner and Other Tales of Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books, 1989. ^ Psychology Today - The orgasm Wars ^ Obesity increases risk of erectile dysfunction 1 ^ Warnock JK, Clayton A, Croft H, Segraves R, Biggs FC. Comparison of androgens in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder: those on combined oral contraceptives COCs vs. those not on COCs.. J Sex Med 2006;3:878-882. PMID 16942531. ^ Panzer C, Wise S, Fantini G, Kang D, Munarriz R, Guay A, Goldstein I. Impact of oral contraceptives on sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen levels: a retrospective study in women with sexual dysfunction.. J Sex Med 2006;3:104-113. PMID 16409223. ^ Susan B. Bullivant, Sarah A. Sellergren, Kathleen Stern, et al February 2004. Women's sexual experience during the menstrual cycle: identification of the sexual phase by noninvasive measurement of luteinizing hormone. Journal of Sex Research 41 1: 82-93 in online article, see pp.14-15,18-22. PMID 15216427. Gabriele Froböse, Rolf Froböse, Michael Gross Translator: Lust and Love: Is it more than Chemistry? Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry, ISBN 0-85404-867-7, 200 Ellenberger F. Henri 1970. The discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Libido Categories: Psychodynamics | Motivation | Freudian psychology | Jungian psychologyHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2008 | Articles with specifically-marked weasel-worded phrases | Articles with statements since April 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Ù?ارسی Français í•œêµì–´ Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kurdî / كوردی Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÄ?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 29 August 2008, at 00:56
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