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11-SEPTEMBER-2008 13:54:10 - Acetyl Chemical structure of an acetyl group bound to the remainder R of a molecule. Chemical structure of an acetyl group bound to the remainder R of a molecule. In organic chemistry, acetyl ethanoyl, is a functional group, the acyl of acetic acid, with chemical formula -COCH3. It is sometimes abbreviated as Ac not to be confused with the element actinium. The acetyl radical contains a methyl group single-bonded to a carbonyl. The carbon of the carbonyl has a lone electron available, with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule. The acetyl radical is a component of many organic compounds, including the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and acetyl-CoA, and the analgesics acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid better known as aspirin. Contents 1 Acetylation 2 Pharmacology 3 References 4 See also Acetylation The introduction of an acetyl group into a molecule is called acetylation or ethanoylation. In biological organisms, acetyl groups are commonly transferred bound to Coenzyme A CoA, in the form of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is an important intermediate both in the biological synthesis and in the breakdown of many organic molecules. Acetyl groups are also frequently added to histones and other proteins modifying their properties. For example, on the DNA level, histone acetylation by acetyltransferases HATs causes an expansion of chromatin architecture allowing for genetic transcription to take place. Conversely, removal of the acetyl group by histone deacetylases HDACs condenses DNA structure, thereby preventing transcription.1 Chemical acetylation can be achieved using a variety of methods, most commonly by the use of acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride in the presence of a tertiary or aromatic amine base. Pharmacology When acetyl groups are bound to certain other organic molecules, they impart an increased ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. This makes the drug reach the brain more quickly, making the drug's effects more intense and increasing the effectiveness of a given dose. Acetyl groups are used to make the natural anti-inflammatant salicylic acid into the more effective acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. Similarly, they make the natural painkiller morphine into diacetylmorphine, or heroin. References ^ North B, Verdin E 2004. Sirtuins: Sir2-related NAD-dependent protein deacetylases. Genome Biol 5 5: 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-5-224. PMID 15128440. See also Acetoxy group Functional group Histone acetylation and deacetylation Acetal Polyoxymethylene plastic, a.k.a. acetal resin, a thermoplastic This organic chemistry article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Acetyl Categories: Functional groups | Organic chemistry stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Dansk Deutsch Français Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Suomi Svenska 中文 This page was last modified on 22 July 2008, at 03:2
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