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11-SEPTEMBER-2008 13:54:10 - Coenzyme A Coenzyme A Identifiers CAS number 85-61-0 PubChem 317 MeSH Coenzyme+A SMILES CCCCOP=OOOP=OOOCC1CCCO1N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3NOOP=OOOCC=ONCCC=ONCCSO Properties Molecular formula C21H36N7O16P3S Molar mass 767.535 Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 °C, 100 kPa Infobox references Coenzyme A CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate. Contents 1 Biosynthesis 2 Function 3 List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups 4 Additional images 5 References 6 External links Biosynthesis Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate: Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine PPC PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase. Function Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'. List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups Acetyl-CoA Propionyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA Coumaroyl-CoA used in flavonoid and stilbenoid biosynthesis Acyl derived from dicarboxylic acids Malonyl-CoA Succinyl-CoA Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA used in isoprenoid biosynthesis Pimelyl-CoA used in biotin biosynthesis Butyryl CoA Additional images Coenzyme A References Karl Miller 1998. Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Retrieved May 18, 2005. Charles Ophard 2003. Acetyl-CoA Crossroads. Retrieved May 18, 2005. Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry, 4th ion, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/621fattyacidrx.html Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Coenzyme A v d e Enzyme cofactors Coenzymes vitamins: NAD+ B3 | NADP+ B3 | Coenzyme A B5 | THF / H4F B9, DHF, MTHF | Ascorbic acid C | Menaquinone K | Coenzyme F420 non-vitamins: ATP | CTP | SAM | PAPS | GSH | Coenzyme B | Coenzyme M | Coenzyme Q | Methanofuran | BH4 | H4MPT Organic prosthetic groups vitamins: TPP / ThDP B1 | FMN, FAD B2 | PLP / P5P B6 | Biotin B7 | Methylcobalamin, Cobamamide B12 non-vitamins: Haem / Heme | Lipoic acid | Molybdopterin | PQQ Metal prosthetic groups Ca2+ | Cu2+ | Fe2+, Fe3+ | Mg2+ | Mn2+ | Mo | Ni2+ | Se | Zn2+ Major families of biochemicals Saccharides | Carbohydrates | Glycosides | | Amino acids | Peptides | Proteins | Glycoproteins | | Lipids | Terpenes | Steroids | Carotenoids Alkaloids | Nucleobases | Nucleic acids | | Enzyme cofactors | Flavonoids | Polyketides | Tetrapyrroles External links This article about metabolism is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Coenzyme_A Categories: Biochemistry stubs | Coenzymes | Metabolism | Thiols Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Esperanto Français Bahasa Indonesia עברית Lëtzebuergesch Magyar 日本語 Polski Português Sámegiella Suomi Tiếng Việt УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 19 August 2008, at 04:23
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