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11-SEPTEMBER-2008 12:20:15 - Tonga Pule'anga 'o Tonga Kingdom of Tonga Flag of Tonga Coat of arms of Tonga Flag Coat of arms Motto: Ko e Ê»Otua mo Tonga ko hoku tofiÊ»a God and Tonga are my Inheritance Anthem: Ko e fasi Ê»o e tuÊ»i Ê»o e Ê»Otu Tonga Location of Tonga Capital and largest city NukuÊ»alofa 21°08'S, 175°12'W Official languages Tongan, English Demonym Tongan Government Constitutional Monarchy - King George Tupou V - Prime Minister Dr. Feleti Sevele Independence - from British protectorate 4 June 1970 Area - Total 748 km² 186th 289 sq mi - Water % 4.0 Population - July 2005 estimate 112,000 194th - Density 153/km² 76th1 396/sq mi GDP PPP 2005 estimate - Total $817 million 167th - Per capita $7,984 76th HDI 2007 â–² 0.819 high 55th Currency PaÊ»anga TOP Time zone UTC+13 - Summer DST UTC+13 Internet TLD .to Calling code +676 1 Based on 2005 figures. The Kingdom of Tonga ˈtÉ‘Å‹gÉ™ help·info Tongan for south is an archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean comprising 169 islands, 36 of them inhabited,1 stretching over a distance of about 800 kilometres 500 miles in a north-south line. The islands lie south of Samoa and are about one-third of the way from New Zealand to Hawaii. Tonga is the only sovereign monarchy among the island nations of the Pacific Ocean, as well as being the only island nation never to have been formally colonized. The islands are also known as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain Cook on his first visit in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the Ê»inasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tu'i Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and was invited to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but had been unable to agree on a plan.2 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Administrative divisions 4 Politics 4.1 Kings and queens of modern Tonga 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture and Diaspora 8 Sport 9 See also 10 References 11 External links History Main articles: History of Tonga and Tu'i Tonga Empire By the 12th century, Tongans, and the Tongan paramount chief, the Tu'i Tonga, were known across the Pacific, from Niue to Tikopia, sparking some historians to refer to a 'Tongan Empire'. In the 15th century and again in the 17th, civil war erupted. It was in this context that the first European explorers arrived, beginning with Dutch explorers Willem Schouten and Jacob Le Maire in 1616, who called on the northern island of Niuatoputapu, and Abel Tasman, who visited Tongatapu and HaÊ»apai in 1643. Later noteworthy European visits were by Captain Cook in 1773, 1774, and 1777, Alessandro Malaspina in 1793, the first London missionaries in 1797, and the Wesleyan Methodist Walter Lawry Buller in 1822. Tonga was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845 by the ambitious young warrior, strategist, and orator TÄ?ufaÊ»Ä?hau. He held the chiefly title of TuÊ»i Kanokupolu, but was baptised with the name King George. In 1875, with the help of missionary Shirley Baker, he declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy, formally adopted the western royal style, emancipated the 'serfs', enshrined a code of law, land tenure, and freedom of the press, and limited the power of the chiefs. Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on 18 May 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king. Within the British Empire, which posted no higher permanent representative on Tonga than a British Consul 1901-1970, it was part of the British Western Pacific Territories under a colonial High Commissioner, then residing on Fiji from 1901 until 1952. Although under the protection of Britain; Tonga is the only Pacific nation never to have given up its monarchial government as did Tahiti and Hawaii. The Tongan monarchy unlike the UK follows a straight line of rulers. The Treaty of Friendship and Tonga's protectorate status ended in 1970 under arrangements established prior to her death by Queen Salote Tupou III. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970 atypically as an autochthonous monarchy, that is one with its own herary monarch rather than Elizabeth II, and the United Nations in September 1999. While exposed to colonial forces, Tonga has never lost indigenous governance, a fact that makes Tonga unique in the Pacific and gives Tongans much pride, as well as confidence in their monarchical system. As part of cost cutting measures across the British Foreign Service, the British Government closed the British High Commission in NukuÊ»alofa in March 2006, transferring representation of British interests in Tonga to the UK High Commissioner in Fiji. The last resident British High Commissioner was Paul Nessling.3 Geography Main article: Geography of Tonga Map of Tonga Map of Tonga Administrative divisions Tonga is divided into three administrative divisions: Ha'apai, Tongatapu and Vava'u.4 Each has its own capital; the national capital, NukuÊ»alofa, is also the capital of Tongatapu. Politics Main article: Politics of Tonga Tonga is a constitutional monarchy. The reverence for the monarch is likened to that held in earlier centuries for the sacred paramount chief, the TuÊ»i Tonga. Criticism of the monarch is held to be contrary to Tongan culture and etiquette. A direct descendant of the first monarch, King George Tupou V, his family, some powerful nobles, and a growing non-royal elite caste live in much wealth, with the rest of the country living in relative poverty. The effects of this disparity are mitigated by three factors: education, medicine, and land tenure. Tonga's education system is free and mandatory for all children up to the age of fourteen, with only nominal fees for secondary education, and foreign-funded scholarships for post-secondary education. Tongans are well-educated, with a 98% literacy rate, and higher education up to and including medical and graduate degrees. Tongans also have universal access to a socialized medicine system. Tongan land is constitutionally protected and cannot be sold to foreigners although it may be leased. While there is a land shortage on the urbanized main island of Tongatapu where 70% of the population resides, there is farm land available in the outlying islands. The majority of the population engages in some form of subsistence production of food, with approximately half producing almost all of their basic food needs through farming, sea harvesting, and animal husbandry. Women and men have equal access to education and health care, and are fairly equal in employment, but women are discriminated against in land holding, electoral politics, and government ministries. However, in Tongan tradition women enjoy a higher social status than men, a cultural trait that is unique among the insular societies of the Pacific. Prime Minister Feleti Sevele Prime Minister Feleti Sevele There is a pro-democracy movement in Tonga, which emphasizes reforms including better representation in the Parliament for the majority commoners, and better accountability in matters of state. An overthrow of the monarchy itself is not part of the movement and the institution of monarchy continues to hold popular support, even while reforms are advocated. Until recently, the governance issue was generally ignored by the leaders of other countries, but major aid donors and neighbours New Zealand and Australia are now expressing concerns about some Tongan government actions. Following the precedents of Queen SÄ?lote, and with numerous international advisors, the government of Tonga under King TÄ?ufaÊ»Ä?hau Tupou IV has monetized the economy, internationalized the medical and education system, and enabled access by commoners to increasing forms of material wealth houses, cars, and other commodities, education, and overseas travel. The government has supported Olympic and other international sports competition, and contributed Peacekeepers to the United Nations notably to Bougainville and the Solomon Islands. The Tongan government also supported the American coalition of the willing action in Iraq, and a small number of Tongan soldiers were deployed, as part of an American force, to Iraq in late 2004. However, the contingent of 40+ troops returned home on 17 December 2004.5 In 2007, a second contingent was sent to Iraq while a third left Tonga in January 2008 to be part of Tonga's continuous support for the coalition. The previous king, TÄ?ufaÊ»Ä?hau and his government have made some problematic economic decisions and are accused of wasting millions of dollars in poor investments.6 The problems have mostly been driven by attempts to increase national revenue through a variety of schemes, considering making Tonga a nuclear waste disposal site an idea floated in the mid-90s by the current crown prince;7 selling Tongan Protected Persons Passports which eventually forced Tonga to naturalize the purchasers, sparking ethnicity-based concerns within Tonga;8 registering foreign ships which proved to be engaged in illegal activities, including shipments for al-Qaeda;9 claiming geo-orbital satellite slots the revenue from which seems to belong to the Princess Royal, not the state;10 holding a long-term charter on an unusable Boeing 757 that was sidelined in Auckland Airport, leading to the collapse of Royal Tongan Airlines;11 building an airport hotel and potential casino with an Interpol-accused criminal;citation needed and approving a factory for exporting cigarettes to China against the advice of Tongan medical officials, and decades of health promotion messaging.12 The king has proved vulnerable to speculators with big promises and lost several million reportedly 26 million USD to Jesse Bogdonoff, a financial adviser who called himself the king's Court Jester.6 The police have imprisoned pro-democracy leaders, and the government repeatedly confiscated the newspaper The Tongan Times which was printed in New Zealand and sold in Tonga because the or had been vocally critical of the king's mistakes.13 Notably, the KeleÊ»a, produced specifically to critique the government and printed in Tonga by pro-democracy leader Ê»Akilisi PÅ?hiva, was not banned during that time. PÅ?hiva, however, had been subjected to harassment in the form of frequent lawsuits.14 Royal palace of Tonga Royal palace of Tonga In mid-2003, the government passed a radical constitutional amendment to Tonganize the press, by licensing and limiting freedom of the press, so as to protect the image of the monarchy. The amendment was defended by the government and by royalists on the basis of traditional cultural values. Licensure criteria include 80% ownership by Tongans living in the country. As of February 2004, those papers denied licenses under the new act included the Taimi Ê»o Tonga Tongan Times, the KeleÊ»a and the Matangi Tonga, while those which were permitted licenses were uniformly church-based or pro-government. The bill was opposed in the form of a several-thousand-strong protest march in the capital, a call by the TuÊ»i Pelehake a prince, nephew of the king and elected member of parliament for Australia and other nations to pressure the Tongan government to democratize the electoral system, and a legal writ calling for a judicial investigation of the bill. The latter was supported by some 160 signatories, including seven of the nine elected People's Representatives. The strong-arm tactics and gaffes have overshadowed the good that the aged king had done in his lifetime, as well as the many beneficial reforms of his son, Ê»AhoÊ»eitu Ê»UnuakiÊ»otonga TukuÊ»aho Lavaka Ata Ê»UlukÄ?lala, who was Prime Minister from 3 January 2000 to 11 February 2006.neutrality disputed The former Crown Prince and current monarch, TupoutoÊ»a, and Pilolevu, the Princess Royal, remained generally silent on the issue. In total, the changes threatened to destabilize the polity, fragment support for the status quo, and place further pressure on the monarchy. This article or section needs to be updated. Please update the article to reflect recent events / newly available information, and remove this template when finished. In 2005 the government spent several weeks negotiating with striking civil service workers before reaching a settlement. The civil unrest that ensued was not limited to just Tonga; protests outside the king's New Zealand residence made headlines, too. A constitutional commission is currently 2005-06 studying proposals to update the constitution.15 Prime Minister Prince Ê»AhoÊ»eitu Ê»UnuakiÊ»otonga TukuÊ»aho Lavaka Ata Ê»UlukÄ?lala resigned suddenly on 11 February 2006, and also gave up his other cabinet portfolios. He was replaced in the interim by the elected Minister of Labour, Dr Feleti Sevele. On 5 July 2006, Prince Tu'ipelehake Ê»Uluvalu, his wife, and their driver were killed by a reckless driver in Menlo Park, California Tu'ipelehake, 55, was the co-chairman of the constitutional reform commission, and a nephew of the King. The public expected some changes when Siaosi Tupou V later King George Tupou V succeeded his father in 2006. On November 16, 2006, rioting broke out in the capital city of Nuku'alofa when it seemed that the parliament would adjourn for the year without having made any advances in increasing democracy in government. Pro-democracy activists burned and looted shops, offices, and government buildings. As a result, more than 60% of the downtown area was destroyed, and as many as 6 people died. 16 On July 29, 2008, it was announced that King George Tupou V will be relinquishing much of his absolute power and surrendered his role in day-to-day governmental affairs to the Prime Minister. The royal chamberlain said that this was being done to prepare the monarchy for 2010, when most of the first parliament will be elected, and added: The Sovereign of the only Polynesian kingdom... is voluntarily surrendering his powers to meet the democratic aspirations of many of his people. The previous week, the government said the king had completed the sale of his ownership of state assets which had contributed to much of the royal family's wealth. 17 Kings and queens of modern Tonga King George Tupou I 1875-1893 King George Tupou II 1893-1918 Queen Salote Tupou III 1918-1965 King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV 1965-2006 King George Tupou V 2006-present Economy Main articles: Economy of Tonga and Prehistoric Tongan economy A Tongan paÊ»anga coin A Tongan paÊ»anga coin Tonga's economy is characterized by a large non monetary sector and a heavy dependence on remittances from the half of the country's population that lives abroad, chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. The monetary sector of the economy is dominated and largely owned by the royal family and nobles. This is particularly true of the telecommunications and satellite services. Much of small business, particularly retail establishments on Tongatapu, is now dominated by recent Chinese immigrants who arrived under a cash-for-passports scheme that ended in 1998. The manufacturing sector consists of handicrafts and a few other very small scale industries, all of which contribute only about 3% of GDP. Commercial business activities also are inconspicuous and, to a large extent, are dominated by the same large trading companies found throughout the South Pacific. In September 1974, the country's first commercial trading bank, the Bank of Tonga, opened. There are no Patent Laws in Tonga.18 Rural Tongans rely on plantation and subsistence agriculture. Coconuts, vanilla beans, bananas and root crops such as yams, taro and cassava, are the major cash crops. The processing of coconuts into copra and desiccated dried coconut was once the only significant industry but deteriorating prices on the world market has brought this once vibrant industry, as everywhere throughout the island nations of the south Pacific, to a complete standstill. Pigs and poultry are the major types of livestock. Horses are kept for draft purposes, primarily by farmers working their 'api 'uta a plot of bushland. More cattle are being raised, and beef imports are declining. The export of squash to Japan once brought relief to a struggling economy but recently local farmers are increasingly wary of this market due to price fluctuations, not to mention the huge financial risks involved. Tonga's development plans emphasize a growing private sector, upgrading agricultural productivity, revitalizing the squash and vanilla bean industries, developing tourism, and improving the island's communications and transportation systems. Substantial progress has been made, but much work remains to be done. A small but growing construction sector is developing in response to the inflow of aid monies and remittances from Tongans abroad. It remains to be said that the most significant contributor to Tonga's economy are remittances from Tongans living abroad. In recognition of such a crucial contribution, the present Tongan government has created a new department within the Prime Minister's Office with the sole purpose of catering for the needs of Tongans living abroad. Furthermore, the Tongan Parliament in 2007 amended citizenship laws to allow Tongans especially those living overseas to hold dual citizenship. Efforts are being made to discover ways to diversify. One hope is seen in fisheries; tests have shown that sufficient skipjack tuna pass through Tongan waters to support a fishing industry. Another potential development activity is exploitation of forests, which cover 35% of the kingdom's land area but are decreasing as land is cleared. Coconut trees past their prime bearing years also provide a potential source of timber. The tourist industry is relatively undeveloped; however, the government recognizes that tourism can play a major role in economic development, and efforts are being made to increase this source of revenue. Cruise ships often stop in NukuÊ»alofa and VavaÊ»u. Vava'u in fact is well known for its whale watching, game fishing, surfing, beaches and the like and is increasingly becoming a major player in the South Pacific tourism market. Real estate companies have also just started to spring up in Tonga; as such, they were basically unheard of less than a decade ago. These have provided a way of making income for many Tongans as nearly every male Tongan has plots of land that he has never seen and the leasing of this valuable and attractive land allows the Tongan to live in a comfort not experienced before. There are also many Tongans who work as commission agents and earn a living by finding available land parcels and bringing them to local ex-pats or computer savvy Tongans to list on-line. Some of these so-called real estate companies have done more harm than good and one would be wise to be careful when dealing with them, however for the most part acquiring real estate in Tonga is a simple, straight forward and hassle free process.citation needed In 2005 the country became eligible to become a member of the World Trade Organization, however on 25 July 2006 it was announced that Tonga has deferred its membership of the WTO until July next year according to the Tongan Prime Minister, Dr Feleti Sevele. The delay he said did not mean that Tonga was withdrawing its WTO membership application, but to give Tonga more time to improve its tariff system. Demographics Main article: Demographics of Tonga Almost two-thirds of the 112,422 inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tonga live on its main island, Tongatapu. Although an increasing number of Tongans have moved into the only urban and commercial centre, NukuÊ»alofa, where European and indigenous cultural and living patterns have blended, village life and kinship ties continue to be important throughout the country. Everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith; for example, all commerce and entertainment activities cease from midnight Saturday until midnight Sunday, and the constitution declares the Sabbath to be sacred, forever. The great majority of Tongans are Methodists 19 with a significant Catholic minority and a growing Mormon adherence. The official figures from the latest government census of 2006 shows that the four major church affiliations in the kingdom currently stand as follows: Free Wesleyans 38,052 or 37%; Mormons 17,109 or 17%; Catholics 15,992 or 16%; Free Church of Tonga 11,599 or 11%. By their own church statistics, Mormons claim 48 percent of the population to substantiate their claim that Tonga is the most Mormon nation in the world.20 Tongans, Polynesian by ethnicity with a very small mixture of Melanesian, represent more than 98% of the inhabitants. The rest are European, mixed European, and other Pacific Islanders. There also are several hundred Chinese. Primary education between ages 6 and 14 is compulsory and free in state schools. Mission schools provide about 8% of the primary and 90% of the secondary level of education. State schools make up for the rest. Higher education includes teacher training, nursing and medical training, a small private university, a women's business college, and a number of private agricultural schools. Most higher education is pursued overseas. The Tongan language is the official language of the islands, along with English. Tongan is an Austronesian language which is closely related to Wallisian Uvean, Niuean and other Polynesian languages such as Hawaiian and Samoan. 70% of Tongan women aged 15-85 are obese. Tonga and nearby Nauru have the world's fattest populations.21 Culture and Diaspora Main article: Culture of Tonga Kava culture Kava culture Tonga has been inhabited for perhaps 3,000 years, since settlement in late Lapita times. The culture of its inhabitants has surely changed greatly over this long time period. Before the arrival of European explorers in the late 1600s and early 1700s, the Tongans were in frequent contact with their nearest Oceanic neighbors, Fiji and Samoa. In the 1800s, with the arrival of Western traders and missionaries, Tongan culture changed dramatically. Some old beliefs and habits were thrown away, and others adopted. Some accommodations made in the 1800s and early 1900s are now being challenged by changing Western civilization. Contemporary Tongans often have strong ties to overseas lands. Many Tongans have emigrated to Australia, New Zealand, and the United States to seek employment and a higher standard of living. U.S. cities with significant Tongan American populations include Portland, Oregon; Anchorage, Alaska; San Mateo, California; East Palo Alto, California; San Bruno, California; Oakland, California; Los Angeles, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; Honolulu, Hawaii; Reno, Nevada, and Euless, Texas in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex. Large Tongan communities can also be found in Auckland, New Zealand, and in Sydney, Australia. This Tongan diaspora is still closely tied to relatives at home, and a significant portion of Tonga's income derives from remittances to family members often aged who prefer to remain in Tonga. Tongans, therefore, often have to operate in two different contexts, which they often call anga fakatonga, the traditional Tongan way, and anga fakapãlangi, the Western way. A culturally adept Tongan learns both sets of rules and when to switch between them. Sport See also: Sport in Tonga Rugby union is the national sport in Tonga, and the national team 'Ikale Tahi or Sea Eagles has performed quite well on the international stage. Although the national team has not performed as well as neighboring Samoa and Fiji, Tonga has competed at four Rugby World Cups, the first being in 1987. The 2007 Rugby World Cup was its most successful to date, with Tonga winning both of its first two matches, against the USA 25-15 and Samoa 19-15; and came very close to upsetting the eventual winners of the 2007 tournament, the South African Springboks, losing 30-25 in the end. They then lost to England 36-20 in their last pool game to end their hopes of making the knockout stages but were by no means disgraced. In fact, by picking up third place in their pool games behind South Africa and England, Tonga has since been rewarded with automatic qualification for the 2011 Rugby World Cup to be held in New Zealand. Its best result prior to 2007 was in 1995 when they won one game beating Ivory Coast 29-11, and 1999 when they won one game beating Italy 28-25 although with only 14 men they lost heavily to England in 1999, 10-101. Tonga performs the 'Sipi Tau' war dance before its matches. Tonga used to compete in the Pacific Tri-Nations against Samoa and Fiji which has now been replaced by the IRB Pacific 6 Nations involving as well Japan, the second string All Blacks Junior All Blacks and Wallabies Australia A although from 2008 the Junior All Blacks would be replaced by the Maori All Blacks. At club level, there are the Datec Cup Provincial Championship and the Pacific Rugby Cup. Rugby union is governed by the Tonga Rugby Football Union, which is also a member of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance. Tonga contributes to the Pacific Islanders rugby union team. Jonah Lomu, Viliami William 'Ofahengaue and George Smith are all of Tongan descent. Rugby is popular in the nation's schools and students from schools such as Tupou College are regularly offered scholarships from New Zealand, Australia and Japan. It should be added, however, that many players of Tongan descent also make it big in the Australian National Rugby League competition. These include Willy Mason, Brent Kite, Willie Tonga, Anthony Tupou, Antonio Kaufusi, Israel Folau, to name but a few. Tongan Boxer Paea Wolfgram won the silver medal in the Super Heavyweight division 91kg at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics. To date, he remains the only Pacific islander to ever win a medal at the Olympics. Tongan women are known for being skillful jugglers.22 See also 2006 Tonga earthquake 2006 Tonga riots 2007 Tonga earthquake Geography of Tonga Communications in Tonga Culture of Tonga Foreign relations of Tonga Kava culture Music of Tonga Tonga branch of The Scout Association Military of Tonga Tongan creation myth Tongan economy prehistory Transportation in Tonga Tu'i Tonga Empire Tupenu William Mariner accounts of pre-Christian Tonga. References ^ Pacific Islands Report #32261PDF 33.8 KB , World Bank ^ Had they known for sure from other Polynesians what the British were up to in colonizing the world---they might have killed him, irregardless, as eventually happened in Hawaii.Mr Korovulavula - Occasion of the Inaugural Flight Fiji/Tonga/Fiji Reception by Airlines Tonga, Accessed 16 April 2008. ^ The sun finally sets on our men in paradise, published on The Daily Telegraph, 21 March 2005. ^ Tonga ^ Iraq Coalition Troops, published on GlobalSecurity, 18 August 2005 ^ a b http://ion.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/09/10/tonga.king.ap/index.html ^ December 1997 ^ Tonga : In Depth : History | Frommers.com ^ The ships that died of shame - smh.com.au ^ Tongasat ^ Islands Business - No Govt Support Blamed for Airline Collapse ^ Articles:Listing Tonga ^ Pacific Journalism Review 1996 Tongan ^ Tongan Court Case Over Wrongful Imprisonment Recommences - July 31, 2002 ^ No resolution in sight in Tonga, published on TVNZ, 30 August 2005 ^ Riots ^ Tonga's king to cede key powers. ^ Gazetteer - Patents at www.billanderson.com.au ^ cf. Ernst, Manfred/ Winds of Change. Suva: PCC, 1994, p. 146 ^ Wakeley, Alan B. LDS Newsroom LDS Church Statistical Information: Tonga, May25, 2008 1 ^ Welcome to the town that will make you lose weight - Times Online at www.timesonline.co.uk ^ The Juggling Girls of Tonga, Steve Cohen at www.juggling.org External links Find more about Tonga on 's sister projects: Dictionary definitions Textbooks Quotations Source texts Images and media News stories Learning resources CIA World Factbook: Tonga Matangi Tonga - National magazine Tonga Chamber of Commerce and Industry Ministry of Finance, Kingdom of Tonga Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources, Kingdom of Tonga National Reserve Bank of Tonga, Kingdom of Tonga Official Tongan Government Portal Open Directory Project - Tonga Open Directory Tonga Legislation Tonga Coronation of King George Tupou V Geographic locale v d e Polynesia Polynesian triangle Austral Islands · Cook Islands · Easter Island · Gambier Islands · Hawaiian Islands · Loyalty Islands · Marquesas · New Zealand · Pitcairn Islands · Sala y Gómez · Samoan Islands · Society Islands · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuamotus · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna Islands Polynesian outliers and peripheral cultures Anuta · Emae · Futuna · Kapingamarangi · Mele · Nuguria · Nukumanu · Nukuoro · Ontong Java · Ouvéa · Pileni · Rennell · Rotuma · Sikaiana · Takuu · Tikopia v d e Countries and territories of Oceania Australasia Australia · Christmas Island · Cocos Keeling Islands · New Zealand1 · Norfolk Island Melanesia East Timor2 · Fiji · Maluku Islands2 Indonesia · New Caledonia · Papua New Guinea3 · Solomon Islands · Vanuatu Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia · Guam · Kiribati · Marshall Islands · Nauru · Northern Mariana Islands · Palau Polynesia American Samoa · Cook Islands · Easter Island · French Polynesia · Juan Fernández Islands · Niue · Pitcairn · Samoa · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna 1 Often included in Polynesia. 2 Often included in Southeast Asia. 3 Often included in Australasia. International membership v d e Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth of Nations Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Bahamas · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Botswana · Brunei · Cameroon · Canada · Cyprus · Dominica · Fiji · The Gambia · Ghana · Grenada · Guyana · India · Jamaica · Kenya · Kiribati · Lesotho · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Malta · Mauritius · Mozambique · Namibia · Nauru · New Zealand · Nigeria · Pakistan · Papua New Guinea · St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Samoa · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka · Swaziland · Tanzania · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tuvalu · Uganda · United Kingdom · Vanuatu · Zambia Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations Dependencies Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands · Australian Antarctic Territory · Christmas Island · Cocos Keeling Islands · Coral Sea Islands · Heard Island and McDonald Islands · Norfolk Island New Zealand Cook Islands · Niue · Ross Dependency · Tokelau United Kingdom Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Anguilla · Bermuda · British Antarctic Territory · British Indian Ocean Territory · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Falkland Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Montserrat · Pitcairn Islands · St. Helena including Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands · Turks and Caicos Islands v d e Monarchies Absolute Brunei · Saudi Arabia · Swaziland · Vatican Constitutional Antigua and Barbuda · Australia · Andorra · Bahamas · Bahrain · Barbados · Belize · Belgium · Bhutan · Cambodia · Canada · Denmark · Grenada · Jamaica · Japan1 · Jordan · Kuwait · Liechtenstein · Lesotho · Luxembourg · Malaysia · Monaco · Morocco · Netherlands · New Zealand · Norway · Oman2 · Papua New Guinea · Qatar2 · Spain · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Solomon Islands · Sweden · Thailand · Tonga · Tuvalu · United Arab Emirates3 · United Kingdom Elective Andorra · Cambodia · Kuwait · Malaysia · Swaziland · United Arab Emirates3 · Vatican Subnational Ghana Ashanti · Dagbon Uganda Ankole · Buganda · Bunyoro · Busoga · Toro Wallis and Futuna Alo · Sigave · Uvea Others MÄ?ori New Zealand · Mustang Nepal · Yogyakarta Indonesia · Zululand South Africa Italics indicate Commonwealth realms, of which the monarch of the United Kingdom is Head of State. 1 Monarch debatable as Head of State. 2 Technically constitutional, but effectively absolute. 3 Uses the title President. v d e Austronesian-speaking countries and territories Formosan Taiwan Malayo-Polynesian American Samoa · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · Christmas Island · Cocos Keeling Islands · Cook Islands · Easter Island · East Timor · Fiji · French Polynesia · Guam · Hainan · Hawaii · Indonesia · Kiribati · Madagascar · Malaysia · Marshall Islands · FS Micronesia · Nauru · New Caledonia · New Zealand · Niue · Northern Mariana Islands · Orchid Island · Palau · Papua New Guinea · Patani · Philippines · Samoa · Singapore · Solomon Islands · Suriname · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Vanuatu · Vietnam · Wallis and Futuna Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Tonga Categories: Tonga | Polynesia | Island countries | Volcanic arcs | Microstates | Constitutional monarchies | Former British protectorates | Members of the Commonwealth of NationsHidden categories: Articles including recorded pronunciations | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since February 2007 | All pages needing cleanup | Articles with minor POV problems from August 2008 | articles in need of updating | Articles with statements since October 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Aragonés Arpetan Asturianu Bân-lâm-gú БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski Brezhoneg БългарÑ?ки Català Cebuano ÄŒesky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Gaeilge Gaelg Gà idhlig Galego í•œêµì–´ Hrvatski Ido ইমার ঠার/বিষà§?ণà§?পà§?রিয়া মণিপà§?রী Bahasa Indonesia Иронау Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Basa Jawa Kapampangan ಕನà³?ನಡ ქáƒ?რთული कशà¥?मीरी - كشميري Қазақша Kernewek Kiswahili Kreyòl ayisyen Kurdî / كوردی Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių LÃguru Limburgs Magyar МакедонÑ?ки Bahasa Melayu NÄ?huatl Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Occitan O'zbek پښتو Piemontèis Plattdüütsch Polski Português Qırımtatarca Reo MÄ?`ohi Română Runa Simi РуÑ?Ñ?кий Sámegiella Gagana Samoa संसà¥?कृत Scots Shqip Sicilianu Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska Tagalog தமிழà¯? ไทย Tiếng Việt Тоҷикӣ Tok Pisin faka-Tonga Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька اردو Volapük Wolof Xitsonga Zazaki ŽemaitÄ—Å¡ka ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 10 September 2008, at 06
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