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14-September-2008 18:38:51 - aorta Artery: Abdominal aorta The abdominal aorta and its branches. Latin pars abdominalis aortae, aorta abdominalis Gray's subject #154 602 Source thoracic aorta Branches celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, 7 others Vein inferior vena cava MeSH Aorta,+Abdominal Dorlands / Elsevier p_07/12616144 The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of descending aorta of the thorax. Contents 1 Path 2 Branches 3 Relations 3.1 Relationship with inferior vena cava 4 Collateral circulation 5 Additional images 6 See also 7 External links Path It begins at the level of the diaphragm, crossing it via the aortic hiatus at the vertebral level of T12. It travels down the posterior wall of the abdomen in front of the vertebral column. It thus follows the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, that is, convex forward. The peak of this convexity is at the level of the third lumbar vertebra L3. It runs parallel to the inferior vena cava, which is located just to the right of the abdominal aorta, and becomes smaller in diameter as it gives off branches. Branches The abdominal aorta supplies blood to much of the abdominal cavity. It begins at T12, and usually has the following branches: Branch Vertebra Type Paired? A/P Description inferior phrenic T12 Parietal yes post. originates just below the diaphragm, supplying it from below celiac T12 Visceral no ant. large anterior branch superior mesenteric L1 Visceral no ant. large anterior branch, arises just below celiac trunk middle suprarenal L1 Visceral yes post. to adrenal gland renal L2 Visceral yes post. large artery, each arising from the side of the aorta; supplies corresponding kidney gonadal L2 Visceral yes post. ovarian artery in females; testicular artery in males lumbar L1-L4 Parietal yes post. four on each side that supply the abdominal wall and spinal cord inferior mesenteric L3 Visceral no ant. large anterior branch median sacral L4 Parietal no post. artery arising from the middle of the aorta at its lowest part common iliac L4 Terminal yes post. branches bifurcates to supply blood to the lower limbs and the pelvis, ending the abdominal aorta Note that the bifurcation union of the inferior vena cava is at L5 and therefore below that of the bifurcation of the aorta. Relations The abdominal aorta lies slightly to the left of the midline of the body. It is covered, anteriorly, by the lesser omentum and stomach, behind which are the branches of the celiac artery and the celiac plexus; below these, by the lienal vein, the pancreas, the left renal vein, the inferior part of the duodenum, the mesentery, and aortic plexus. Posteriorly, it is separated from the lumbar vertebræ and intervertebral fibrocartilages by the anterior longitudinal ligament and left lumbar veins. On the right side it is in relation above with the azygos vein, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, and the right crus of the diaphragm-the last separating it from the upper part of the inferior vena cava, and from the right celiac ganglion; the inferior vena cava is in contact with the aorta below. On the left side are the left crus of the diaphragm, the left celiac ganglion, the ascending part of the duodenum, and some coils of the small intestine. Relationship with inferior vena cava The abominal aorta's venous counterpart, the inferior vena cava IVC, travels parallel to it on its right side. Above the level of the umbilicus, the aorta is somewhat posterior to the IVC, sending the right renal artery travelling behind it. The IVC likewise sends its opposite side counterpart, the left renal vein, crossing in front of the aorta. Below the level of the umbilicus, the situation is generally reversed, with the aorta sending its right common iliac artery to cross its opposite side counterpart the left common iliac vein anteriorly. Collateral circulation The collateral circulation would be carried on by the anastomoses between the internal thoracic artery and the inferior epigastric artery; by the free communication between the superior and inferior mesenterics, if the ligature were placed between these vessels; or by the anastomosis between the inferior mesenteric artery and the internal pudendal artery, when as is more common the point of ligature is below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery; and possibly by the anastomoses of the lumbar arteries with the branches of the internal iliac artery. Additional images The celiac artery and its branches; the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed. Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas. CT scan showing the liver and a kidney See also Nutcracker syndrome Aortocaval compression syndrome External links UCC v d e List of arteries of torso - abdomen AA: Anterior celiac left gastric: esophageal branches splenic: pancreatic branches greater, dorsal - short gastric - left gastro-omental common hepatic: proper hepatic cystic, right gastric, gastroduodenal right gastro-omental, superior pancreaticoduodenal, supraduodenal SMA inferior pancreaticoduodenal - intestinal jejunal, ileal, arcades, vasa recta - ileocolic colic, anterior cecal, posterior cecal, ileal branch, appendicular - right colic - middle colic IMA left colic - sigmoid - superior rectal - marginal AA: Posterior visceral: middle suprarenal - renal inferior suprarenal, ureteral - gonadal testicular ♂ / ovarian ♀ parietal: inferior phrenic superior suprarenal - lumbar - median sacral terminal: common iliac IIA, EIA IIA: Anterior umbilical superior vesical, to ductus deferens - middle rectal - obturator anterior branch, posterior branch - inferior gluteal accompanying of ischiadic nerve, crucial anastomosis uterine ♀ helicine, vaginal of uterine, ovarian of uterine, tubal of uterine - vaginal ♀ / inferior vesical ♂ internal pudendal: inferior rectal - perineal urethral - posterior scrotal ♂ / labial ♀ - bulb of penis ♂ / vestibule ♀ - deep artery of the penis ♂ helicine / clitoris ♀ - dorsal of the penis ♂ / clitoris ♀ IIA: Posterior iliolumbar lumbar, iliac - lateral sacral - superior gluteal EIA inferior epigastric cremasteric, round ligament - deep circumflex iliac - femoral Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Abdominal_aorta Categories: Cardiovascular system | Abdomen Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català ދިވެހިބަÞ?Þ° Español Euskara Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Português This page was last modified on 23 August 2008, at 14:32
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