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14-September-2008 18:38:37 - Acceptable daily intake Part of a series on Toxicology and poison Toxicology Forensic · Toxinology History of poison ICD-10 T36-T65, ICD-9 960-989 Concepts Poison · Venom · Toxicant · Antidote Acceptable daily intake · Acute toxicity Bioaccumulation · Biomagnification Fixed Dose Procedure · LD50 · Lethal dose Toxic capacity · Toxicity Class Toxins and venoms Neurotoxin · Necrotoxin · Hemotoxin Mycotoxin · Aflatoxin · Phototoxin List of fictional toxins Incidents Bradford · Minamata · Niigata Alexander Litvinenko · Bhopal 2007 pet food recalls List of poisonings Poisoning types Elements Toxic metal Lead · Mercury · Cadmium · Antimony · Arsenic · Beryllium · Iron · Thallium · Fluoride · Oxygen Seafood Shellfish Paralytic · Diarrheal Amnesic · Ciguatera · Scombroid Tetrodotoxin Other substances Pesticide · Organophosphate · Food Nicotine · Theobromine · Carbon monoxide · Vitamin · Medicines Living organisms Mushrooms · Plants · Venomous animals Related topics Hazard symbol · Carcinogen Mutagen · List of Extremely Hazardous Substances · Biological warfare · Food safety This box: view talk Acceptable Daily Intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance usually a food additive, or a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide in food or drinking water that can be ingested orally over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk. ADIs are expressed by body mass, usually in milligrams of the substance per kilograms of body mass per day.1 This concept was first introduced in 1961 by the Council of Europe and later the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives JECFA, a committee maintained by two United Nations bodies: the Food and Agriculture Organization FAO and the WHO World Health Organization.1 An ADI value is based on current research, with long-term studies on animals and observations of humans. First, a No Observable Adverse Effect Level,2 the amount of a substance that shows no toxic effects, is determined on the basis of studies intended to measure an effect at several doses. Usually the studies are performed with several doses including high doses. In the case of several studies on different effects, the lowest NOAEL is usually taken. Then, the NOEL or NOAEL is scaled by a safety factor, conventionally 100, to account for the differences between test animals and humans factor of 10 and possible differences in sensitivity between humans another factor of 10. The ADI is usually given in mg per kg body weight per day.3 Note that the ADI is considered a safe intake level for the healthy adult of normal weight who consumes an average daily amount of the substance in question. The higher the ADI, the safer a compound is for regular ingestion. The ADI concept can be understood as a measure to indicate the toxicity from long-term exposure to repeated ingestion of chemical compounds in foods present and/or added, as opposed to acute toxicity. See also Dietary Reference Intake External links Questions and Answers about Acceptable Daily Intake US Food and Drug Administration's Cumulative Estimated Daily Intake/Acceptable Daily Intake Database for food contact substances Notes ^ a b Lu, Frank C.; Sam Kacew 2002. Lu's Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs and Risk Assessment. Taylor Francis, 364. ISBN 0415248558. ^ Fennema, Owen R. 1996. Food chemistry. New York, N.Y: Marcel Dekker, p828. ISBN 0-8247-9691-8. ^ Mackey, Maureen A.; Kotsonis, Frank N. 2002. Nutritional toxicology. Washington, DC: Taylor Francis, p258. ISBN 0-415-24865-5. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Acceptable_daily_intake Categories: Nutrition | Toxicology Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Français Italiano Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Suomi Svenska Türkçe This page was last modified on 23 August 2008, at 03:42
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