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14-September-2008 18:38:38 - Alexa Fluor Redirected from Alexa fluor Color† Absorb nm Emit nm MM g/mol ε cm-1M-1 Alexa Fluor 350 blue 346 442 410 19,000 - 405 violet 401 421 1028 34,000 - 430 green 434 541 702 16,000 - 488 cyan-green 495 519 643 71,000 - 500 green 502 525 700 71,000 - 514 green 517 542 714 80,000 - 532 green 532 554 721 81,000 - 546 yellow 556 573 1079 104,000 - 555 yellow-green 555 565 ~1250 150,000 - 568 orange 578 603 792 91,300 - 594 orange-red 590 617 820 90,000 - 610 red 612 628 1172 138,000 - 633 red 632 647 ~1200 100,000 - 647 red 650 665 ~1300 239,000 - 660 red 663 690 ~1100 132,000 - 680 red 679 702 ~1150 184,000 - 700 red 702 723 ~1400 192,000 - 750 red 749 775 ~1300 240,000 ↑ = approximate color of the emission spectrum ε = extinction coefficient The Alexa Fluor family of fluorescent dyes is produced by Molecular Probes, a subsidiary of Invitrogen. Alexa Fluor dyes are typically used as cell and tissue labels in fluorescence microscopy and cell biology.1 The excitation and emission spectra of the Alexa Fluor series cover the visible spectrum and extend into the infrared.2 The individual members of the family are numbered according roughly to their excitation maxima in nm. Alexa Fluor dyes are synthesized through sulfonation of coumarin, rhodamine, xanthene such as fluorescein, and cyanine dyes. Sulfonation makes Alexa Fluor dyes negatively charged and hydrophilic. Alexa Fluor dyes are generally more stable, brighter, and less pH-sensitive than common dyes e.g. fluorescein, rhodamine of comparable excitation and emission,3 and to some extent the newer cyanine series.4 However, they are also more expensive. They are patented by Invitrogen which acquired the company that developed the Alexa dyes, Molecular Probes and thus are priced higher than the common dyes that are available from multiple manufacturers. Similar alternatives5 include the DyLight Fluors from Pierce Thermo Fisher Scientific, and the Atto series from Atto-Tec and sold by Sigma-Aldrich. Contents 1 History 2 Comparison with other dyes 3 References 4 External links History The Alexa Fluor dyes were named after Alex Haugland, son of the founders of Molecular Probes, Richard and Rosaria Haugland. The Marina Blue dye was named after their daughter, Marina. Comparison with other dyes The Alexa series dyes are less pH-sensitive and more photostable than the original dyes fluorescein, rhodamine, etc. from which they were synthesized. However, brightness comparisons are not presently available. Brightness is commonly measured as a product of extinction coefficient absorption efficiency and quantum yield emission efficiency 6 While extinction coefficients are known see the table above, the quantum yields of the Alexas have not been published by Molecular Probes. In one case, a third party has compared one Alexa with another commonly used dye. This was a comparison of Cy5 and its Alexa with similar wavelength, Alexa 647, with the dyes conjugated to DNA. 1 This study found that Cy5 is brighter, but less photostable than Alexa 647. Therefore presently it is difficult to quantitatively choose the best dye for a particular application and in many cases empirical testing is in order. References ^ Alexa Fluor Dyes Spanning the Visible and Infrared Spectrum 2007-06-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. ^ The Alexa Fluor Dye Series. Molecular Probes, Inc. 2006-04-06. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. ^ Panchuk-Voloshina N, Haugland RP, Bishop-Stewart J, et al 1999. Alexa dyes, a series of new fluorescent dyes that yield exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 47 9: 1179-88. PMID 10449539. ^ Berlier JE, Rothe A, Buller G, et al 2003. Quantitative comparison of long-wavelength Alexa Fluor dyes to Cy dyes: fluorescence of the dyes and their bioconjugates. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 51 12: 1699-712. PMID 14623938. ^ Alexa Fluor Dye Comparison to Alternatives 2008-06. Retrieved on 2008-05-29. ^ Souslova EA, Belousov VV, Lock JG, Stromblad S, Kasparov S, Bolshakov AP, Pinelis VG, Labas YA, Lukyanov S, Mayr LM, Chudakov DM 2007. Single fluorescent protein-based Ca2+ sensors with increased dynamic range. BMC Biotechnol. 7 7: 37. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-7-37. PMID 17603870. External links Additional data table with molecular structures Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Alexa_Fluor Categories: Fluorescent dyes Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 17 June 2008, at 11:00
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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