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14-September-2008 18:38:38 - Alloy Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0.02% and 1.7% by mass. Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0.02% and 1.7% by mass. This article is about the material. For the specification language, see Alloy specification language. An alloy is a solid solution or homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, which itself has metallic properties. It usually has different properties from those of its component elements. Alloying one metal with others often enhances its properties. For instance, steel is stronger than iron, its primary element. The physical properties, such as density, reactivity, Young's modulus, and electrical and thermal conductivity, of an alloy may not differ greatly from those of its elements, but engineering properties, such as tensile strength1 and shear strength may be substantially different from those of the constituent materials. This is sometimes due to the sizes of the atoms in the alloy, since larger atoms exert a compressive force on neighboring atoms, and smaller atoms exert a tensile force on their neighbors, helping the alloy resist deformation. Alloys may exhibit marked differences in behavior even when small amounts of one element occur. For example, impurities in semi-conducting ferromagnetic alloys lead to different properties, as first predicted by White, Hogan, Suhl, Tian Abrie and Nakamura.23 Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metals. Brass is an alloy made from copper and zinc. Bronze, used for bearings, statues, ornaments and church bells, is an alloy of tin and copper. Unlike pure metals, most alloys do not have a single melting point. Instead, they have a melting range in which the material is a mixture of solid and liquid phases. The temperature at which melting begins is called the solidus and the temperature when melting is complete is called the liquidus. However, for most alloys there is a particular proportion of constituents which give them a single melting point or rarely two. This is called the alloy's eutectic mixture. Contents 1 Classification 2 Terminology 3 See also 4 References 5 External links Classification Alloys can be classified by the number of their constituents. An alloy with two components is called a binary alloy; one with three is a ternary alloy, and so forth. Alloys can be further classified as either substitution alloys or interstitial alloys, depending on their method of formation. In substitution alloys, the atoms of the components are approximately the same size and the various atoms are simply substituted for one another in the crystal structure. An example of a binary substitution alloy is brass, made up of copper and zinc. Interstitial alloys occur when the atoms of one component are substantially smaller than the other and the smaller atoms fit into the spaces interstices between the larger atoms. Terminology In practice, some alloys are used so predominantly with respect to their base metals that the name of the primary constituent is also used as the name of the alloy. For example, 14 carat gold is an alloy of gold with other elements. Similarly, the silver used in jewelry and the aluminium used as a structural building material are also alloys. The term alloy is sometime used in everyday speech as a synonym for a particular alloy. For example, automobile wheels made of aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply alloy wheels. The usage is obviously indefinite, since steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys. See also Look up alloy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. List of alloys Intermetallics Heat treatment CALPHAD method References ^ Adelbert Phillo Mills, 1922 Materials of Construction: Their Manufacture and Properties, John Wiley sons, inc, 489 pages, originally published by the University of Wisconsin, Madison ^ C. Michael Hogan, 1969 Density of States of an Insulating Ferromagnetic Alloy Phys. Rev. 188, 870 - 874, Issue 2 - December 1969 ^ X. Y. Zhang and H. Suhl 1985 Phys. Rev. A 32, 2530 - 2533 1985 Issue 4 - October 1985 External links Surface alloys Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Alloy Categories: Alloys | Metallurgy Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages اردو 粵語 Afrikaans العربية БеларуÑ?каÑ? Bosanski БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Ù?ارسی Français Gà idhlig Galego í•œêµì–´ Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Kiswahili Lietuvių МакедонÑ?ки Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Nouormand Uyghurche‎ / ئۇيغۇرچە O'zbek Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska தமிழà¯? ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ייִדיש ä¸æ–‡ ಕನà³?ನಡ This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 17:08
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