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14-September-2008 18:38:42 - Byzantium This article is about the city. See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium Greek: Βυζάντιον, Latin: BYZANTIVM, Byzantium was an ancient Greek city, which was founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas or Byzantas Î’Ï?ζας or Î’Ï?ζαντας in Greek. The name Byzantium is a Latinization of the original name Byzantion. The city is what later evolved to be the center of the Byzantine Empire the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages under the name of Constantinople. Constantinople fell to the Turkish Ottoman Empire in 1453. The name of the city was changed to Istanbul in 1930 following the establishment of modern Turkey. Contents 1 History 2 Emblem 3 Notable people 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links History The origins of Byzantium are shrouded in legend. The traditional legend has it that Byzas from Megara a town near Athens, founded Byzantium, when he sailed northeast across the Aegean Sea. Byzas had consulted the Oracle at Delphi to ask where to make his new city. The Oracle told him to find it opposite the blind. At the time, he did not know what this meant. But when he came upon the Bosporus he realized what it meant: on the Asiatic shore was a Greek city, Chalcedon. It was they who must have been blind because they had not seen that obviously superior land was just a half mile away on the other side of the Bosporus. Byzas founded his city here in this superior land and named it Byzantion after himself. It was mainly a trading city due to its strategic location at the Black Sea's only entrance. Byzantion later conquered Chalcedon, across the Bosporus. After siding with Pescennius Niger against the victorious Septimius Severus, the city was besieged by Roman forces and suffered extensive damage in 196 AD. Byzantium was rebuilt by Septimius Severus, now emperor, and quickly regained its previous prosperity. The location of Byzantium attracted Roman Emperor Constantine I who, in 330 AD, refounded it as Nova Roma. After his death the city was called Constantinople Greek Κωνσταντινοπολησ or Konstantinopolis 'city of Constantine'. It remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, which was later called the Byzantine Empire by historians. This combination of imperialism and location would affect Constantinople's role as the crossing point between two continents: Europe and Asia. It was a commercial, cultural, and diplomatic magnet. With its strategic position, Constantinople could control the route between Asia and Europe, as well as the passage from the Merranean Sea to the Black Sea. On May 29, 1453, the city fell to the Ottoman Turks, and, once again, became the capital of another powerful state, the Ottoman Empire. The Turks called the city Istanbul though not officially renamed until 1930 and it has remained Turkey's largest and arguably its most important city, although Ankara is now the capital. Emblem The banner of Constantinople The banner of Constantinople Byzantium first produced coins with the crescent and star symbol in the 4th century BC. According to legend, this was to honour the moon-goddess Hecate, who the inhabitants believed had saved the city from attack by Philip II of Macedon in 340-339 BC.12 Notable people Homerus, early 3rd century BC, tragedian Philo ca. 280 BC-ca. 220 BC, engineer Epigenes 3rd century BC-2nd, astrologer Leontius c. 485-c. 543, theologian and writer See also Constantinople details the history of the city before the Turkish conquest of 1453. Istanbul details the history of the city from 1453 on, and describes the modern city. Notes ^ Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece by Nigel Guy Wilson Routledge, 2006 p.136 ^ The Complete Dictionary of Symbols by Jack Tresidder Chronicle Books, 2005 p.127 References Harris, Jonathan, Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium Hambledon/Continuum, London, 2007. ISBN: 978 1847251794 Jeffreys, Elizabeth and Michael, and Moffatt, Ann, Byzantine Papers: Proceedings of the First Australian Byzantine Studies Conference, Canberra, 17-19 May 1978 Australian National University, Canberra, 1979. Istanbul Historical Information - Istanbul Informative Guide To The City. Retrieved January 6, 2005. The Useful Information about Istanbul. Retrieved January 6, 2005. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oxford University Press, 1991 ISBN: 0195046528 External links Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies : www.byzantium.ac.uk Description of Byzantine monetary system - fifth Century BC : History of money FAQs The Economic History of Byzantium, By Angeliki E. Laiou, Harvard University Press, January 2002. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Byzantium Categories: 667 BC establishments | Settlements established in the 7th century BC | Constantinople | Ancient Greek cities Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Català Česky Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Français í•œêµì–´ Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Plattdüütsch Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÄ?ina Suomi Svenska Türkçe ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 15:38
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