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14-September-2008 18:38:42 - Calvados spirit A bottle of calvados Pays D'Auge A bottle of calvados Pays D'Auge Calvados is an apple brandy from the French région of Basse-Normandie or Lower Normandy. Contents 1 History 2 Process of fabrication 3 Double and single distillation 4 Producing regions and legal definitions 5 Grades of quality 6 Tasting 7 Calvados in popular culture 8 See also 9 Further reading 10 External links 10.1 Producers History Apple orchards and brewers are mentioned as far back as the 8th century by Charlemagne. The first known Norman distillation was carried out by Lord de Gouberville in 1554, and the guild for cider distillation was created about 50 years later in 1606. In the 17th century the traditional ciderfarms expanded but taxation and prohibition of cider brandies were enforced elsewhere than Brittany, Maine and Normandy. The area called Calvados was created after the French Revolution, but Eau de vie de cidre was already called calvados in common usage. In the 19th century output increased with industrial distillation and the working class fashion for Café-calva. When a phylloxera outbreak devastated the vineyards of France and Europe, calvados experienced a golden age. During World War I cider brandy was made for armaments. The appellation contrôlée regulations officially gave calvados a protected name in 1942. After the war many cider-houses and distilleries were reconstructed, mainly in the Pays d'Auge. Many of the traditional farmhouse structures were replaced by modern agriculture with high output. The calvados appellation system was revised in 1984 and 1996. Pommeau got its recognition in 1991; in 1997 an appellation for Domfront with 30% pears was created. Process of fabrication Calvados is distilled from specially grown and selected apples, of which there are over 200 named varieties. It is not uncommon for a Calvados producer to use over 100 specific varieties of apple to produce their Calvados. The apples used are either sweet such as the Rouge Duret variety, tart such as the Rambault variety, or bitter such as the Mettais, Saint Martin, Frequin, and Binet Rouge varieties, with the latter category of apple being inedible. The reason the bitter apples are used is that if all sweet apples were used the resulting liquor would be too sweet, like apple jack. A typical Calvados recipe might include 30% sweet apples, 40% tart apples, and 30% bitter apples; another recipe might include 40% sweet, 20% tart, and 40% bitter. The fruit is picked usually by hand and pressed into a juice that is fermented into a dry cider. It is then distilled into eau de vie. After two years aging in oak casks, it can be sold as Calvados. The longer it is aged, the smoother the drink becomes. Usually the maturation goes on for several years. A half-bottle of twenty-year-old Calvados can easily command the same price as a full bottle of ten-year-old Calvados. Double and single distillation A calvados pot still. A calvados pot still. The appellation of AOC calvados authorizes double distillation for all calvados but it is required for the AOC calvados Pays d'Auge. Double distillation is carried out in a traditional alembic pot still, called either l'alambic à repasse or charentais. This process gives the spirit complexity and renders it suitable for longer aging. Single continuous distillation in a column still. It gives the calvados a fresh and clean apple flavour but with less complexity. Producing regions and legal definitions Map of the calvados region Map of the calvados region Like most French wines, Calvados is governed by appellation contrôlée regulations. There are three appellations for calvados: The AOC calvados area includes all of the Calvados, Manche, and Orne départements and parts of Eure, Mayenne, Sarthe, and Eure-et-Loir. AOC calvados makes up for over 70 percent of the total production. Minimum of two years ageing in oak barrels. The terroir, geographical area, is defined. The apples and pears are defined cider varieties. The procedures in production like pressing, fermentation, distillation and ageing is regulated. Usually single column distillation. The more restrictive AOC calvados Pays d'Auge area is limited to the east end of the département of Calvados and a few adjoining districts. Extensive quality control-the basic rules for AOC calvados together with several additional requirements. Ageing for minimum of two years in oak barrels. Double distillation in an alembic pot-still. Produced within the designated area in Pays d'Auge. A minimum of six weeks fermentation of the cider. Flavour elements are controlled. AOC calvados Domfrontais reflects the long tradition of pear orchards in the area, resulting in a unique fruity calvados. The regulation is similar to the AOC calvados and the column still is used. A minimum of 30 percent pears from the designated areas is used. A three-year minimum of ageing in oak barrels. The orchards must consist of at least 15 percent of pear trees 25 percent from the sixteenth harvest. Fermier farm-made calvados-some quality minded producers both inside and outside the Pays d'Auge make calvados fermier, which indicates that the calvados is entirely made on the farm in a traditional agricultural way according to high quality demands. Visiting a small calvados producer around Cambremer along the cider route. Visiting a small calvados producer around Cambremer along the cider route. Grades of quality The age on the bottle refers to the youngest constituent of the blend. A blend is often comprised of old and young calvados. Producers can also use the terms below to refer to the age. Fine, Trois étoiles , Trois pommes-at least two years old. Vieux-Réserve-at least three years old. V.O. VO, Vieille Réserve, V.S.O.P. VSOP-at least four years old. Extra, X.O. XO, Napoléon, Hors d'Age Age Inconnu-at least six years old. Often sold much older. High quality calvados usually has parts which are much older than that mentioned. Calvados can be made from a single generally, exceptionally good year. When this happens, the label often carries that year. Tasting Calvados is the basis of the tradition of le trou Normand, or the Norman hole. This is a small drink of Calvados taken between courses in a very long meal, sometimes with apple sorbet, supposed to re-awaken the appetite. Calvados can be served as aperitif, blended in drinks, between meals, as a digestif, or with coffee. Well-made calvados should naturally be reminiscent of apples and pears, balanced with flavours of ageing. The less aged calvados distinguishes itself with its fresh apple and pear aromas. The longer the calvados is aged, the more the taste resembles that of any other aged brandy. As calvados ages, it may become golden or darker brown with orange elements and red mahogany. The nose and palate are delicate with concentration of aged apples and dried apricots balanced with butterscotch, nut and chocolate aromas. Calvados in popular culture In his historical documentary novel G.I., author Lee Kennett discusses the calvados distilled out by French farmers, usually at 140 proof or even higher, which was a new experience for the liberating American soldiers. The GI's claimed it was made from ground up genades. He further states that some GI's burned it in their cigarette lighters. In the 1963 novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service by Ian Fleming, James Bond drinks a glass of ten-year-old Calvados. Calvados is the main characters' favourite drink in Erich Maria Remarque's novel Arch of Triumph. Calvados is often referred to in the writings of mystic George Gurdjieff. Cornelius Bear is known to have a stash of several well-aged bottles of calvados in the webcomic Achewood. Inspector Maigret often stops in to a cafe for a glass of Calvados in Georges Simenon's novels and short stories. On the album Us Against the Crown by State Radio, there is a song called Calvados Chopper. It speaks of a man who is driving a motorcycle while hopped up on Calvados. In Astérix et les Normands Asterix and the Normans/Vikings, volume 9 of the popular Astérix comic books, Calvados is the national drink of the Vikings, and they are depicted drinking it out of the hollowed skulls of their dead enemies. In the BBC television series Secret Army, the proprietor of the Cafe Candide and agent of the Resistance, Albert Foiret Bernard Hepton, keeps a supply of Calvados specially for his high ranking German customers. It is the favourite drink of Sturmbannführer Ludwig Kessler Clifford Rose who, in the series, is head of the SS in Brussels. Calvados is the regimental drink of Régiment de Maisonneuve, having been taken up as the unit passed through Normandy following the D-Day invasion. Calvados is favourite drink of main characters in French rival of The Da Vinci Code, La promesse de l'ange by Frederic Lenoir. A bottle of Calvados is given to Steve McQueen, an American soldier, by Nick Adams a Polish DP in Hell is for Heroes. Authour of Pantheon, Martin Laidlaw, cites once drinking a bottle of calvados in his autobiographical short story, My kingdom for a lie. In the manga series, Detective Conan, the Black Organization members are all codenamed after alcohol. One of their snipers was named Calvados. See also Somerset cider brandy Further reading Mattsson, Henrik. Calvados: The World's Premier Apple Brandy: Tasting Facts and Travel. Great Britain: www.flavourrider.com, 2005. The first comprehensive report on calvados apple brandy in the English language. External links Normandy tourism site The cider route and calvados in Pays d'Auge Guide to calvados history, production, visiting, producers, literature and much more Apples, Cider and Calvados in Pays d'Auge, Normandy Producers Calvados Busnel Père Magloire Christian Drouin Coeur de Lion Comte Louis de Lauriston Lecompte Manoir d'Apreval Calvados Pierre Huet Charles de Granville Calvados Roger Groult Chateau du Breuil Coquerel Boulard Dupont Ferme du Ponctey v d e Alcoholic beverages Alcohol Alcohol abuse · Alcoholism · Alcohol advertising · Short-term effects of alcohol · Long-term effects of alcohol · Alcohol and cancer · Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder · Recommended maximum intake · Drinking culture · Ethanol · History of alcohol Production Brewing · Distilling · Winemaking Fermented beverages Beer types · Wine types · Cider types · Rice wine types · Other fermented beverages · Basi · Chicha · Huangjiu · Kumis · Kvass · Mead · Pulque · Sahti · Gouqi jiu Distilled beverages Agave: Mezcal · Tequila · Apple: Applejack · Calvados · Barley: Irish whiskey · Japanese whisky · Scotch whisky · Cashew: Fenny†· Coconut: Arrack†· Grape: Armagnac · Brandy · Cognac · Pisco · Maize: Bourbon whiskey · Corn whiskey · Tennessee whiskey · Plum: Slivovitz · Tuica†· Pomace: Grappa · Marc · Orujo · Tsikoudia · Tsipouro · Zivania · Rice: Awamori · Rice baijiu · Soju · Rye: Rye whiskey · Sorghum: Baijiu Kaoliang · Sugarcane/molasses: Aguardiente · Cachaça · Clairin · Guaro · Rum · Seco Herrerano · Tharra · Various cereals and potato: Canadian whisky · Shochu · Snaps · Vodka · Whisky · Various/other fruit: Kirschwasser · Palinka · Rakia · Schnaps Liqueurs and infused distilled beverages Almond: Amaretto · Anise: Absinthe · Arak · Ouzo · Raki · Pastis · Sambuca · Cinnamon: Tentura · Coconut: Malibu · Herbs: BrennivÃn · Aquavit · Honey: Bärenjäger · Krupnik · Juniper: Gin · Jenever · Star anise: Sassolino · Sugarcane/molasses: Charanda · Various/other fruit: Limoncello · Schnapps Mixed drinks Beer cocktails · Cocktails true · Flaming beverages · Shooters · Wine cocktails · Mulled wine †Also made from other sources. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Calvados_spirit Categories: Norman culture | Brandies | Apple products Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Afrikaans ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Français Italiano ქáƒ?რთული Lietuvių Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÄ?ina Suomi Svenska УкраїнÑ?ька This page was last modified on 8 September 2008, at 00:04
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