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14-September-2008 18:38:42 - Candy Redirected from Candies Semi-protected This article is about the confection. For other uses, see Candy disambiguation. Chocolate Buttons in Rainbow Hues Chocolate Buttons in Rainbow Hues Candy, specifically sugar candy, is a confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which a variety of flavorings and colorants is added. It is sometimes frozen as in an ice pop. The word candy comes from Arabic qandi, derived from Persian qand, meaning sugar. 1 In North America, candy is a broad category that includes candy bars, chocolates, licorice, sour candies, salty candies, tart candies, hard candies, taffy, gumdrops, marshmallows, and more. Vegetables, fruit or nuts glazed and coated with sugar are called candied. Outside North America, the generic name for candy is sweets or confectionery UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other Commonwealth countries. In Australia and New Zealand, candy is, in normal usage, further categorised as either chocolate or lollies for all other non-chocolate candies. In North America, the UK, and Australia, the word lollipop refers specifically to sugar candy on a stick. While not used in the generic sense of North America, the term candy is used in the UK for specific types of foods such as candy floss cotton candy in North America and fairy floss in Australia, and certain other sugar based products. Contents 1 Manufacture 1.1 Sugar stages 1.2 Candy and vegetarianism 2 Shelf life 3 Health aspects 3.1 Cavities 3.2 Glycemic Index 4 References 5 External links Manufacture Candy is made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a syrup, which is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts to caramelize. The type of candy depends on the ingredients and how long the mixture is boiled. Candy comes in an endless variety of textures from soft and chewy to hard and brittle. Caramel, toffee, fudge, praline, tablet, gumdrops, jelly beans, rock candy, lollipops, taffy, cotton candy, candy canes, peppermint sticks, peanut brittle, chocolate coated raisins or peanuts, hard candy called boiled sweets in British English and candy bars are just a few examples of the confections that are sold under the generic name candy. Jellybeans. Jellybeans. Sugar stages The final texture of candy depends on the sugar concentration. As the syrup is heated, it boils, water evaporates, the sugar concentration increases, and the boiling point rises. A given temperature corresponds to a particular sugar concentration. In general, higher temperatures and greater sugar concentrations result in hard, brittle candies, and lower temperatures result in softer candies. These stages of sugar cooking are:2 Stage Temperature in °F Temperature in °C Sugar concentration thread 230-233°F 110-111°C 80% soft ball e.g. fudge 234-240°F 112-115°C 85% firm ball 244-248°F 118-120°C 87% hard ball 250-266°F 121-130°C 92% soft crack 270-290°F 132-143°C 95% hard crack e.g. toffee 295-310°F 146-154°C 99% clear liquid 320°F 160°C 100% brown liquid caramel 338°F 170°C 100% burnt sugar 350°F 177°C 100% The names come from the process used to test the syrup before thermometers became affordable: a small spoonful of syrup was dropped into cold water, and the characteristics of the resulting lump were evaluated to determine the concentration of the syrup. Long strings of hardened sugar indicate Thread stage, while a smooth lump indicates ball stages, with the corresponding hardness described. The crack stages are indicated by a ball of candy so brittle that the rapid cooling from the water literally causes it to crack. This method is still used today in some kitchens. A candy thermometer is more convenient, but has the drawback of not automatically adjusting for local conditions such as altitude, as the cold water test does. Once the syrup reaches 340°F or higher, the sucrose molecules break down into many simpler sugars, creating an amber-colored substance known as caramel. This should not be confused with caramel candy, although it is the candy's main flavoring. Candy and vegetarianism Some candy, including marshmallows and gummy bears, may contain gelatin derived from animal bones, and is thus avoided by vegetarians and vegans. Kosher gelatin is also unsuitable for vegetarians and vegans, as it is derived from fish bones.3 Other substances, such as agar agar, pectin, starch and gum arabic may be used as gelatin replacers, although the texture of final product may differ from the original. Other ingredients commonly found in candy that are not vegetarian or vegan friendly include carmine, which is a dye made from the cochineal, and confectioner's glaze, which may contain wings or other insect parts. Shelf life The shelf life of candy can be anywhere from two weeks to more than 1 year.4 This may be shortened if the candy is not stored in a cool, dry place. Health aspects Cavities Candy generally contains sugar, and sugar can lead to damaged teeth. However, it is not sugar itself that damages the teeth. Several types of bacteria, particularly Streptococcus mutans, are present in the mouth, and these feed on sugar. When they metabolize the sugar, they create acids in the mouth, which lower its pH value. In response to the acidic environment, the enamel of the teeth begins to demineralize, which can cause cavities.5 To help prevent this, dentists recommend that individuals should brush their teeth regularly, particularly after every meal and snack. Glycemic Index Candy has a high glycemic index GI, which means that it gives a high rise in blood sugar levels after ingestion. This is chiefly a concern for people with diabetes, but could also be dangerous to the health of non-diabetics.6 References ^ candy, OED http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=candy ^ The Cold Water Candy Test, Exploratorium; Sugar Syrup Chart at Baking911 ^ 1 kashrut.com ^ candyfavorites.com ^ National Confectioners Association ^ Balkau et al 1998 High blood glucose concentration is a risk factor for mortality in middle-aged nondiabetic men. 20-year follow-up in the Whitehall Study, the Paris Prospective Study, and the Helsinki Policemen Study. Diabetes Care 1998 Mar;213:360-7 External links Look up Candy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. History and Candy Industry News - History and News of Candy Industry Manufacturers and Suppliers National Confectioners Association - information on a variety of candies Science of Candy - Descriptions and videos of hardness stages Candy Factory Tours - Listing by state Barley Candy History - Old Time Barley Candy history and pictures. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Candy Categories: ConfectioneryHidden category: Semi-protected Views Article Discussion View source History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Bân-lâm-gú Català Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Galego Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Nederlands Nedersaksisch 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Nouormand Polski Português Simple English SlovenÄ?ina Suomi Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 25 August 2008, at 18:46
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