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14-September-2008 18:38:43 - Cardanol Cardanol general formula; R = C15H31-n; n = 0,2,4,6 Cardanol general formula; R = C15H31-n; n = 0,2,4,6 Cardanol is a phenol obtained from anacardic acid, the main component of cashew nutshell liquid CNSL, a byproduct of cashew nut processing. Cardanol finds use in the chemical industry in resins, coatings, frictional materials, and surfactants used as pigment dispersants for water-based inks. It is used to make phenalkamines, which are used as curing agents for the durable epoxy coatings used on concrete floors.1 The name of the substance is derived by contraction from the genus Anacardium, which includes the cashew tree, Anacardium occidentale. The name of the genus itself is based on the Greek word for heart.2 Friction particles are made by polymerizing the unsaturated side chain of cardanol, followed by cross-polymerization with phenol to yield a cardanol-formaldehyde resin by a process analagous to the formation of phenol-formaldehyde resins such as Bakelite. Cardanol-phenol resins were developed in the 1920s by Mortimer T. Harvey, then a student at Columbia University. These resins found use in vehicle brakes after it was found that they had a coefficient of friction that was less sensitive to temperature changes than phenol-formaldehyde resins.1 Despite all these uses, only a fraction of the cardanol obtained from cashew nut processing is used in the industrial field. Therefore, there is still interest in developing new applications, such as new polymers.3 The name cardanol is used for the decarboxylated derivatives obtained by thermal decomposition of any of the naturally occurring anacardic acids. This includes more than one compound because the composition of the side chain varies in its degree of unsaturation. Tri-unsaturated cardanol, the major component 41% is shown below. The remaining cardanol is 34% mono-unsaturated, 22% bi-unsaturated, and 2% saturated.4 In terms of physical properties, cardanol is comparable to nonylphenol. Cardanol is hydrophobic in nature and remains flexible and liquid at very low temperatures;5 its freezing point is below -20 °C, it has a density of 0.930 g/mL, and boils at 225 °C under reduced pressure 10 mmHg.6 CAS registry number: 37330-39-5. References ^ a b Alexander H. Tullo September 8, 2008. A Nutty Chemical. Chemical and Engineering News 86 36: 26-27. ^ Alexander Senning 2006. Elsevier's Dictionary of Chemoetymology. ISBN 0444522395. ^ Ryohei Ikeda, Hozumi Tanaka, Hiroshi Uyama, Shiro Kobayashi. A new crosslinkable polyphenol from a renewable resource. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 21 8: 496-499. doi:10.1002/SICI1521-39272000050121:8496::AID-MARC4963.0.CO;2-G. ^ Gerald Scott 2003. Degradable Polymers: Principles and Applications. Springer, 192-194. ISBN 1402007906. ^ Cardolite product overview. Retrieved on 2008-09-08. ^ US2,098,824 PDF version 1937-11-01 Mortimer T. Harvey Process of destructively distilling cashew nut shell liquid Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cardanol Categories: Phenols Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page This page was last modified on 13 September 2008, at 09:13
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