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14-September-2008 18:38:37 - Cashew Cashew Cashews ready for harvest in Guinea-Bissau Cashews ready for harvest in Guinea-Bissau Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Sapindales Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Anacardium Species: A. occidentale Binomial name Anacardium occidentale L. The cashew Anacardium occidentale; syn. Anacardium curatellifolium A.St.-Hil. is a tree in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The plant is native to northeastern Brazil. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts see below and cashew apples. 'Anacardium occidentale', from Koehler's 'Medicinal-Plants' 1887 'Anacardium occidentale', from Koehler's 'Medicinal-Plants' 1887 Cashew tree Cashew tree It is a small evergreen tree growing to 10-12m ~32 ft tall, with a short, often irregularly-shaped trunk. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4 to 22 cm long and 2 to 15 cm broad, with a smooth margin. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm long, each flower small, pale green at first then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7 to 15 mm long. What appears to be the fruit of the cashew tree is an oval or pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the receptacle of the cashew flower. Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as marañón, it ripens into a yellow and/or red structure about 5-11 cm long. It is edible, and has a strong sweet smell and a sweet taste. The pulp of the cashew apple is very juicy, but the skin is fragile, making it unsuitable for transport. It is often used as a flavor in agua fresca. The true fruit of the cashew tree is a kidney or boxing-glove shaped drupe that grows at the end of the pseudofruit. Actually, the drupe develops first on the tree, and then the peduncle expands into the pseudofruit. Within the true fruit is a single seed, the cashew nut. Although a nut in the culinary sense, in the botanical sense the fruit of the cashew is a seed. The seed is surrounded by a double shell containing a dermatogenic phenolic resin, urushiol, a potent skin irritant toxin also found in the related poison ivy. Some people are allergic to cashew nuts, but cashews are a less frequent allergen than nuts or peanuts. Other names include: cajueiro, cashu, casho, acajuiba, caju, acajou, acaju, acajaiba, alcayoiba, anacarde, anacardier, anacardo, Andi parippu in Malayalam, cacajuil, cajou, gajus, godambi in Kannada, jeedi pappu in Telugu, jocote maranon, maranon, merey, Mundhiri paruppu Tamil, noix d'acajou, pomme cajou, pomme, jambu, jambu golok, jambu mete, jambu monyet, jambu terong, kasoy Tagalog, and hạt Ä‘iá»?u in Vietnamese language. In the Antilles in Puerto Rico, it is known as pajuil, Indian nut in Slovenia, and in the Dominican Republic as the cajuil. The pseudofruit is the main part used as raw fruit. Contents 1 Cashew industry 2 Uses 2.1 Medicine and industry 2.2 Culinary 3 Common name 4 See also 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External links Cashew industry Cashew nut output in 2005 Cashew nut output in 2005 Originally spread from Brazil by the Portuguese, the cashew tree is now cultivated in all regions with a sufficiently warm and humid climate. It is produced in around 32 countries of the world. The world production figures of cashew crop, published by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization FAO, was around 3.1 million tons per annum. The major raw cashew producing countries with their production figures in 2006 as per the FAO are Vietnam 941,600 tons, Nigeria 636,000 tons, India called Kaju 573,000 tons, Brazil 236,140 tons and Indonesia 122,000 tons. World's total area under the cultivation of cashew is around 33,900 km². India ranks first in area utilized for cashew production, though its yields are relatively low. The world's average yield is 817 pounds per acre 916 kg/hectare of land Collectively, Vietnam, Nigeria, India and Brazil account for more than 90% of all cashew kernel exports. Top Ten Cashew Producers - 2005 Country Production Int $1000 Footnote Production t Footnote Flag of Vietnam Vietnam 543,364 C 827,000 F Flag of India India 302,234 C 460,000 F Flag of Brazil Brazil 165,091 C 251,268 Flag of Nigeria Nigeria 139,947 C 213,000 F Flag of Indonesia Indonesia 80,158 C 122,000 F Flag of Tanzania Tanzania 65,703 C 100,000 F Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire 59,133 C 90,000 F Flag of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau 53,219 C 81,000 F Flag of Mozambique Mozambique 38,108 C 58,000 F Flag of Benin Benin 26,281 C 40,000 F No symbol = official figure,F = FAO estimate, = Unofficial figure, C = Calculated figure; Production in Int $1000 have been calculated based on 1999-2001 international prices Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division A bottle of commercially produced cashew fruit juice A bottle of commercially produced cashew fruit juice Uses Cashew fruit Cashew fruit Cashew nuts, salted Cashew nuts, salted Cashew nuts, roasted and salted Cashew nuts, roasted and salted cashew nuts, raw Nutritional value per 100 g 3.5 oz Energy 550 kcal 2310 kJ Carbohydrates 30.19 g - Sugars 5.91 g - Dietary fiber 3.3 g Fat 43.85 g Protein 18.22 g Thiamin Vit. B1 .42 mg 32% Riboflavin Vit. B2 .06 mg 4% Niacin Vit. B3 1.06 mg 7% Pantothenic acid B5 .86 mg 17% Vitamin B6 .42 mg 32% Folate Vit. B9 25 μg 6% Vitamin C .5 mg 1% Calcium 37 mg 4% Iron 6.68 mg 53% Magnesium 292 mg 79% Phosphorus 593 mg 85% Potassium 660 mg 14% Zinc 5.78 mg 58% Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient database Medicine and industry Cashew nutshell liquid CNSL, a by-product of processing cashew, is mostly composed of anacardic acids.1 These acids have been used effectively in vivo against tooth abcesses due to their lethality to gram-positive bacteria. They are also active against a wide range of other gram-positive bacteria. Many parts of the plant are used by the Patamona of Guyana medicinally. The bark is scraped and soaked overnight or boiled as an antidiarrheal. Seeds are ground up into powders used for antivenom for snake bites. The nut oil is used topically as an antifungal and for healing cracked heels.2 Anacardic acid is also used in the chemical industry for the production of cardanol, which is used for resins, coatings, and frictional materials.1 Culinary The cashew is a popular snack, and its rich flavor means that it is often eaten on its own, lightly salted. Cashews are sold covered in chocolate, but due to their higher price compared to peanuts and almonds are not as common in candy, except from higher quality manufacturers. Cashews also factor in Thai cuisine generally in whole form, and in Indian cuisine often ground into sauces such as shahi korma. The cashew can also be used in cheese alternatives for vegans, typically in homemade cheese recipes. In Brazil, cashew fruit juice is popular. Common name Hindustani - Kajoo Sinhala - Kadju See also Wild Cashew - the species Anacardium excelsum Anacardium Giganteum, also known as Wild Cashew, used medicinally. Semecarpus anacardium, the Oriental Anacardium is a native of India and is closely related to the cashew This article has been illustrated as part of WikiWorld. Enlarge Gallery Cashew Fruit- Stages of Development Cashew Inflorescence with developing fruit A mature cashew apple ready to be harvested Harvested Cashew ready to be processed- Goa India References ^ a b Alexander H. Tullo September 8, 2008. A Nutty Chemical. Chemical and Engineering News 86 36: 26-27. ^ Medicinal Plants of the Guyanas External links Green Caravan - Fair Trade Organic Cashew Company Organic Cashew Nuts Morton, J. F. Fruits of Warm Climates. ISBN Traditional Indian Sweets made out of Cashews - Madhulika Sweets Online web portal Fruits of Warm Climates online Handbook of Energy Crops - Anacardium occidentale L. Cajueiro - Tropical plant database by Raintree Nutrition History of the industrial use of Cashew Nutshell Liquid King's American Dispensatory: Anacardium occidentale Cashew-Nut Research Paper on the Cashew Processing Industry in West Africa Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Anacardium occidentale Anacardium.info is a cashew portal with more than 200 documents available. Presentation in French, most documents in English East Wind Community An intentional egalitarian community in Missouri that produces various natural and organic nut butters. Cashew industry overview 2005 Ladybirds on Cashew Tree, Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Cashew Corporation Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cashew Categories: Anacardiaceae | Trees of Brazil | Crops originating from the Americas | Native crops of Brazil | Edible nuts and seeds | Medicinal plants | Tropical agriculture | Flora of Angola | Fruits of Angola Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Català Česky Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Eesti Español Esperanto Français Galego Hornjoserbsce Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Kapampangan ქáƒ?რთული Kreyòl ayisyen Latina മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 8 September 2008, at 22:04
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