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14-September-2008 18:38:44 - Cherry For other uses, see Cherry disambiguation. Cherry tree redirects here. For other uses, see Cherry tree disambiguation. This article is about the Cherry fruit, for the ornamental tree, See Cherry Blossom. Red Cherry Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Prunoideae Genus: Prunus Subgenus: Cerasus Species Several, including: Prunus apetala Prunus avium Wild/Sweet Cherry Prunus campanulata Prunus canescens Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Sour Cherry Prunus concinna Prunus conradinae Prunus dielsiana Prunus emarginata Bitter Cherry Prunus fruticosa Prunus ilicifolia Prunus incisa Prunus litigiosa Prunus lusitana Ginja Cherry Prunus mahaleb Saint Lucie Cherry Prunus maximowiczii Prunus nipponica Prunus pensylvanica Pin Cherry Prunus pilosiuscula Prunus rufa Prunus sargentii Prunus serrula Prunus serrulata Japanese Cherry Prunus speciosa Prunus subhirtella Prunus tomentosa Nanking Cherry Prunus x yedoensis Yoshino Cherry Cherries sweet, edible parts Nutritional value per 100 g 3.5 oz Energy 60 kcal 260 kJ Carbohydrates 16 g - Sugars 13 g - Dietary fibre 2 g Fat 0.2 g Protein 1.1 g Vitamin C 7 mg 12% Iron 0.4 mg 3% Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient database The word cherry refers to a fleshy fruit drupe that contains a single stony seed. The cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Prunus, along with almonds, peaches, plums, apricots and bird cherries. The subgenus, Cerasus, is distinguished by having the flowers in small corymbs of several together not singly, nor in racemes, and by having a smooth fruit with only a weak groove or none along one side. The subgenus is native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with two species in America, three in Europe, and the remainder in Asia. The word cherry comes from the French word cerise, which comes in turn from the Latin words cerasum and Cerasus. Contents 1 Background 2 Flowers 3 Medical benefits 4 See also 5 References 6 Photo gallery 7 External links Background The cherry is generally understood to have been brought to Rome from Armenia. 1 Giresun was known to the ancient Greeks as Choerades or Pharnacia and later as Kerasous or Cerasus, Kerason Kerasounta Kerasus horn for peninsula in Greek + ounta Greek toponomical suffix. The name later mutated into Kerasunt sometimes written Kérasounde or Kerassunde. The English word cherry, French cerise, Spanish cereza, and Southern Italian dialect cerasa standard Italian ciliegia all come from Classical Greek κÎÏ?ασος cherry, which has been identified with Cerasus. The cherry was first exported to Europe from Cerasus in Roman times. 2 The Wild Cherry P. avium has given rise to the Sweet Cherry to which most cherry cultivars belong, and the Sour Cherry P. cerasus is used mainly for cooking. Both species originate in Europe and western Asia; they do not cross-pollinate each other. The other species, although having edible fruit, are not grown extensively for consumption, except in northern regions where the two main species will not grow. Irrigation, spaying, labor, and their propensity to damage from rain and hail make cherries relatively expensive. Nonetheless, there is high demand for the fruit. Major commercial cherry orchards in Europe extend from the Iberian peninsula east to Asia Minor, and to a smaller extent may also be grown in the Baltic States and southern Scandinavia. In the United States, most sweet cherries are grown in Washington, California and Oregon.3 Important sweet cherry cultivars include Bing, Brooks, Tulare, King, and Rainier. Both Oregon and Michigan provide light-coloured Royal Ann 'Napoleon'; alternately Queen Anne cherries for the maraschino cherry process. Most sour also called tart cherries are grown in Michigan, followed by Utah, New York, and Washington3. Additionally, native and non-native cherries grow well in Canada Ontario and British Columbia. Sour cherries include Nanking and Evans Cherry. Traverse City, Michigan claims to be the Cherry Capital of the World, hosting a National Cherry Festival and making the world's largest cherry pie. The specific region of Northern Michigan that is known the world over for tart cherry production is referred to as the Traverse Bay region. Farms in this region grown many varieties of cherries and companies like Traverse Bay Farms sell the fruit of the region. Likewise in Australia the New South Wales town of Young is famous nationwide as the Cherry Capital of Australia, and also hosts the internationally famous National Cherry Festival. Popular varieties include the Montmorency, Morello, North Star, Early Richmond, Titans and Lamberts. Cherries have a very long growing season and can grow anywhere, including the great cold of the tundra.citation needed In Australia they are usually at their peak around Christmas time, in southern Europe in June, in America in June, and in the UK in mid July, always in the summer season. In many parts of North America they are among the first tree fruits to ripen. Annual world production as of 2007 of domesticated cherries is about 2 million tonnes. Around 40% of world production originates in Europe and around 13% in the United States. The US is the world's second largest single country producer, after Turkey.4 Flowers Besides the fruit, cherries also have attractive flowers, and they are commonly planted for their flower display in spring; several of the Asian cherries are particularly noted for their flower displays. The Japanese sakura in particular are a national symbol celebrated in the yearly Hanami festival. Many flowering cherry cultivars known as 'ornamental cherries' have the stamens and pistils replaced by additional petals double flowers, so are sterile and do not bear fruit. They are grown purely for their flowers and decorative value. The most common of these sterile cherries is the cultivar 'Kanzan'. Cherry trees provide food for the caterpillars of several Lepidoptera. See List of Lepidoptera which feed on Prunus. Medical benefits Cherries contain anthocyanins, the red pigment in berries. Cherry anthocyanins have been shown to reduce pain and inflammation in rats.5 Anthocyanins are also potent antioxidants under active research for a variety of potential health benefits.6 According to a study presented at the Experimental Biology 2008 meeting in San Diego, rats that received whole tart cherry powder mixed into a high-fat diet didn't gain as much weight or build up as much body fat, and their blood showed much lower levels of indicators of the kind of inflammation that has been linked to heart disease and diabetes. In addition, they had significantly lower blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides than the other rats.7 See also Sour Cherry of Kleparow Acerola Fruit tree forms Fruit tree propagation Fruit tree Marasca cherry Pruning fruit trees Sakura Cherry pitter References ^ A History of the Vegetable Kingdom - Page 334 ^ A History of the Vegetable Kingdom - Page 334 ^ a b Cherry Production National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA, Retrieved on August 19, 2008. ^ FAOSTAT ProdSTAT Crops Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Retrieved on August 19, 2008. ^ Tall JM, Seeram NP, Zhao C, Nair MG, Meyer RA, Raja SN 2004. Tart cherry anthocyanins suppress inflammation-induced pain behavior in rat. Behav. Brain Res. 153 1: 181-8. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2003.11.011. PMID 15219719. ^ Gross PM 2007. Scientists zero in on health benefits of berry pigments. Natural Products Information Center 2007 Jul 9. 1 ^ Tart Cherries May Reduce Heart/Diabetes Risk Factors Newswise, Retrieved on July 7, 2008. Photo gallery Stella, Prunus avium Ripe cherries, stacked and on display for sale on a market in Barcelona Formation of the cherry fruit at beginning of May France Cherries variety Lambert - watercolor 1894 Cherries with leaf Yamagata cherries Cherry opened. Prunus avium ripening fruit Cherries served in a bowl A bowl of cherries A Cherry leaf with nectary glands on the stalk. A young Gean or Wild Cherry leaf Leaf tip nectary glands Cherry tree from the village of Aita al-Foukhar in Lebanon External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cherry Look up cherry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. v d e Cherry Cultivars Food Angela Bada Balaton Bing Chelan Emperor Francis Gold Hudson Lambert Lapins Montmorency Napoleon Rainier Regina Royal Ann Sam Schmidt Skeena Stella Sweetheart Tieton Ulster Van Ornamental Prunus sargentii Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cherry Categories: Cherries | Medicinal plants | Prunus | Symbols of UtahHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Alemannisch العربية БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Galego Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית ქáƒ?რთული Kreyòl ayisyen Latina Lietuvių Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本語 Nnapulitano Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Walon ŽemaitÄ—Å¡ka ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 12 September 2008, at 16:15
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