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14-September-2008 18:38:44 - Chichester For other uses, see Chichester disambiguation. For the larger local government district, see Chichester district. Chichester Chichester Cathedral from the Southwestern City Walls Chichester West Sussex Chichester Chichester shown within West Sussex Population 23,731 2001 OS grid reference SU860048 Parish Chichester District Chichester Shire county West Sussex Region South East Constituent country England Sovereign state United Kingdom Post town CHICHESTER Postcode district PO19 Dialling code 01243 Police Sussex Fire West Sussex Ambulance South East Coast European Parliament South East England UK Parliament Chichester List of places: UK England West Sussex Coordinates: 50°50'11N 0°46'45W / 50.83652, -0.77918 Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, England. It has a long history as a settlement; its Roman past and its subsequent importance in Anglo-Saxon times are only its beginnings. It is the seat of a bishopric, with a 12th century cathedral. Chichester today is a local government stronghold, three levels being administered from here. It is also a transport hub, and the centre for culture in the region, with a Festival theatre and two art galleries. The nearby Chichester Harbour, together with the South Downs, provide ample opportunities for outdoor pursuits. Contents 1 History 2 Governance 3 Geography 4 Demography 5 Economy 6 Landmarks 7 Transport 8 Education 9 Religious buildings 10 Culture 11 Music in Chichester 11.1 Chichester Symphony Orchestra 11.2 Popular music 12 Sport 13 Notable people 14 Town twinning 15 References History Main article: Noviomagus Reginorum It has been argued that the area was a bridgehead for the Roman invasion of Britain. The city centre stands on the foundations of the Romano-British city of Noviomagus Reginorum, capital of the Civitas Reginorum, and near to the Roman Palace of Fishbourne. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle it was captured towards the close of the fifth century, by Ælle, and renamed after his son, Cissa. It was the chief city of the Kingdom of Sussex. The Roman Road of Stane Street, connecting Fishbourne Palace with London, passes through the city centre. The city streets have a cross-shaped layout, inherited from the Romans: radiating outwards from the medieval market cross lead the North, South, East and West shopping streets. Quite a lot of the city walls are in place, and may be walked along over what still remains . An amphitheatre was built close to what would have been the city walls, outside the East Gate in around 80 AD. The remains are now buried under land currently used as a park, but the bank of the amphitheatre is clearly discernible and a notice board in the park gives more information. Governance Chichester, although in terms of local government in England is a civil parish, has the status of a city1, and is one of six so designated2. The City Council consists of twenty elected members seving four wards of the city - North, South, East, and West3. In addition to its own council offices, those of the Chichester District and the West Sussex County Council are also located here. The current MP for the Chichester Constituency is Andrew Tyrie. Chichester has an unusual franchise in its history. For 300 years before the 19th century Reform Bills expanded the right to vote for members of Parliament to include most ordinary citizens, Chichester's residents had enjoyed that right. However, when the mayor restricted the vote to only Freemen in the election of 1660 for the Convention Parliament that organized the restoration of the monarchy, the House of Commons noted that for One-and-twenty Parliaments, the Commonalty, as well as the Citizens, had had Voice in the electing of Members to serve in Parliament; and that thereupon the Committee were of Opinion, that the Commonalty of the said Borough, together with the free Citizens, have Right of Election 4 and overturned the election, seating instead the candidate elected by the more-inclusive Commonality of Chichester, and jailing the mayor for two weeks for contempt because of his wilful denial of the ancient rights5. Geography The City of Chichester is located on the River Lavant and south of its gap through the South Downs: this winterbourne stream often dries up during the summer months. For part of its course through the city is in in underground culverts6. Its site made it an ideal place for a settlement, where many ancient routeways converged here. The oldest part is within the walls7, but as with most towns growth has occurred beyond those confines. The 8 areas of Chichester Conservation The 8 areas of Chichester Conservation The Chichester Conservation Area Character Appraisal was adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance on the 8 March 2005 by the District Council's Executive Board. The area encompasses the whole of the Roman town, with additions to every side: Northgate, Westgate, Southgate, and Eastgate. The Caledonian Road area to the south-east and Summersdale to the north are also included. Further to the north lies the separate conservation area around Graylingwell Hospital, and to the south, the Chichester Conservation Area has been extended recently to include the newly restored canal basin and part of the canal itself. The Conservation Area has been split into eight 'character' areas, based on historic development, building type, uses and activities. Demography Economy The city today has made use of its past and has built a large tourist industry: its website8 is able to include a great deal for the visitor, and to give employment to many of its citizens although most jobs are low wage. Landmarks Chichester Cross, 1831 illustration Chichester Cross, 1831 illustration Chichester Cross, 2002 Chichester Cross, 2002 The most obvious landmark is naturally the cathedral, but there are several others. The remains of the Roman amphitheatre are now buried under land currently used as a park, but the bank of the amphitheatre is clearly discernible and a notice board in the park gives more information. The Butter Market in North Street was designed by John Nash, and was opened in 1808 as a food and produce market. In 1900, a second storey was added to the building, originally housing an arts institute. It is currently still in use by various small business, however Chichester City Council are soon to carry out a full scale renovation of the building, leaving the future of some of the current retailers in some doubt9. The Corn Exhange in East Street was built in 1833, one of the first in the country. 10. It is an imposing building, designed to show off its importance to trade. In 1883 it was also used for drama and entertainment. From then it became a cinema 1923-1984, a restaurant, and then a fast food restaurant. It is currently occupied by Next clothing retailers. The Chichester Cross, a one-time site for the market, stands at the intersection of the four main roads in the centre of the city. Transport Chichester is the hub of several main roads. The most important of these is the A27 coastal trunk road connecting Eastbourne with Southampton. The secondary coastal road, the A259, which began its journey at Folkestone in Kent, ends with a junction with the A27 here. Both those roads make east-west connections. Three roads give Chichester acces to the north: The A29 from London, which has also joined the A27 to the east of the city; and the A285, which gives access to Petworth and another cross-country road the A272; and finally the A286, heading towards Guildford. Stagecoach South East bus company has its headquarters here. Chichester railway station, on the West Coastway Line, has regular services to Brighton, London Victoria via Gatwick Airport, Portsmouth, Southampton and Basingstoke. In the past there was a branch line to Midhurst in the north; and a light railway built by Colonel HF Stephens known as the West Sussex Railway which ran south to Selsey, and which closed in 1935. There are several long distance routes for walkers, cyclists and horseriders in the area, some of which, like the Centurion Way to West Dean in East Sussex, start here. Education There are three secondary schools in Chichester: the Chichester High School for Boys and the Chichester High School For Girls; and the Bishop Luffa School. In the primary sector there are two infant-only schools: Lancastrian and Rumboldswyke; the Central CofE Junior School; four all-level schools11; and two special-needs schools at Fordwater and St Anthony's. There is also a Roman Catholic school, St Richard's. In the independent sector there are three day preparatory schools in Chichester Oakwood, Prebendal School and Westbourne House, alongside the state primary schools. The higher and further educational institutions include the Chichester High Schools Sixth Form, which is the largest Sixth Form in West Sussex. It offers a range of A-Level and vocational courses with full use of a wide-range of facilities at both Boys Girls High Schools. Chichester College, formerly Chichester College of Arts, Science and Technology; offers both foundation-level and degree-equivalent courses, mainly focused towards vocational qualifications for industry. The College has recently made significant investment in upgrading facilities, and is now offering a wider range of subject areas in its prospectus. Finally, the University of Chichester 12 which was granted degree-awarding body status by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority in 2005. Whereas Chichester College has always been focused towards vocational qualifications, the University of Chichester has a more academic focus mainly in The Arts. Religious buildings Main article: Chichester Cathedral Chichester Cathedral Chichester Cathedral Chichester Cathedral, founded in the 11th century, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and contains a shrine to Saint Richard of Chichester. Its spire, built of the weak local stone, collapsed suddenly and was rebuilt during the 19th century. In the south aisle of the cathedral a window in the floor affords a view of the remains of a Roman mosaic pavement. The Cathedral is unusual in the UK in having a separate bell tower a few metres away from the main building, rather than integrated into it. Within the Cathedral there is a medieval tomb of a knight and his wife, the inspiration of the poem An Arundel Tomb, by Philip Larkin. A fine memorial statue also exists of William Huskisson, once Member of Parliament for the City, but best remembered as the first man to be run over by a railway engine. Leonard Bernstein's Chichester Psalms were commissioned for the Cathedral. In addition to the cathedral there are five Church of England churches; St Richard's Roman Catholic church; and nine other religious buildings of other denominations13. Culture The city holds an annual three-week arts and music festival Chichester Festivities14 held in July. Its most prestigious cultural location is the Chichester Festival Theatre 15, one of the United Kingdom's flagship theatres, whose annual summer season attracts actors, writers and directors from the West End theatre. Pallant House Gallery16, winner of the 2007 gallery of the year Gulbenkian Prize has a major collection of chiefly modern British art and in 2006 opened its new extension that houses the collection of Professor Sir Colin St John Wilson. It also has a changing programme of exhibitions. The following paragraph considers the city's music scene: in recent years it has experienced growth in various genres17. Music in Chichester Chichester Symphony Orchestra Founded in 1881, the Chichester Symphony Orchestra plays an important part in maintaining the classical music tradition of the area. A friendly group, the orchestra consists of both amateur and professional players who rehearse on a weekly basis, first and foremost, for the enjoyment of playing together. Three concerts are given each year with the summer concert being part of the Chichester Festivities while the autumn concert is included in the Chichester Cathedral Lunchtime Series. Popular music A cornerstone of the Chichester music scene is Chichester RAJF From Real Ale and Jazz Festival, a four day festival of music and real ale held each July in tents beside the 13th century Guildhall in Priory Park18. Founded in 1981 by members of Chichester Hockey Club as a fund-raising event, the festival has grown in size and ambition. In the early years the focus was on traditional jazz and featured performers such as Kenny Ball, Humphrey Lyttelton and Kenny Baker. In the 1990s blues and RB were introduced and more recently the festival has increased its capacity to 2500 persons and has offered a wide range of popular music including James Brown, Status Quo, Blondie, Boney M, Robert Cray, Hot Chocolate, Howard Jones, Go West, The Pretenders, The Drifters and Simple Minds. For 2008, Chichester RAJF has announced Squeeze for Sat 12th July. Though the Concert has to finsh at 11 0'clock due to the local residents Blues on the Farm is a festival held every June at Pump Bottom Farm two miles 3.2km south of the city19. Founded in 1991, it has become the UK's biggest outdoor blues festival hosting many of the top national and international names in a picturesque and friendly environment. Roots Around the World is another such festival, bringing what is described as the best in global music to the city and surrounding village halls. Sport Chichester has a cricket club, Chichester Priory Park CC which has won the Sussex Premier league 5 times, a rugby club, Chichester R.F.C.20 , and a football club Chichester City United21 who play in the Sussex County League. The city is also home to the Chichester Sharks Flag American Football Club22, members of the English Senior Flag League ESFL. In October 2007, the Sharks won the National Championship, beating Andover Voodoo 31-29 in the final. The Chichester Sharks also won the title in 2003. Other sports include hockey23 and cycling24. The city also offers a well equipped leisure centre with swimming pool, flume, sports hall and fitness room; it also plays host to Chichester Cormorants swimming club. Notable people Main article: List of people from Chichester Town twinning The City of Chichester is twinned with: Flag of France Chartres, France Flag of Italy Ravenna, Italy References ^ Chichester City Council website ^ the others being Ely, Hereford, Ripon, Truro and Wells ^ City councillors ^ British History Online ^ Similar expanded voting eligibility in the boroughs of Tavistock, Ludgershall, Plymouth, Northampton and Abingdon was also recognized by that same Parliament ^ Sub-Urban website: River Lavant ^ City Walls Walk: includes map ^ Chichester Web - The Chichester Guide ^ The Buttermarket plans ^ The Corn Exchange ^ They are the Jessie Younghusband Primary School; Kingsham Primary School; Parklands Community School and Singleton CofE Primary School ^ The establishment was initially called Bishop Otter College, although throughout its history it has had many names: West Sussex Institute of Higher Education, then Chichester Institute of Higher Education, then University College Chichester ^ Chichester Web': churches of Chichester ^ Chichester Festivities ^ The Website Of Chichester Festival Theatre ^ Pallant House Gallery ^ As an example, Anthony of Antony and the Johnsons originated from the city ^ Chichester RAJF website ^ Blues on the Farm ^ Chichester RFC website ^ Chichester City United FC website ^ Chichester Sharks flag American football website ^ Chichester Hockey Club website ^ Southdown Velo cycling club Alec Down. Roman Chichester. Chichester: Phillimore, 1988. ISBN 0-85033-435-7 Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chichester v d e Towns, villages and hamlets in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England Apuldram Barlavington Bepton Bignor Birdham Bosham Boxgrove Bracklesham Bury Byworth Charlton Chichester Chidham Chithurst Coates Cocking Colworth Compton Didling Donnington Dumpford Duncton Earnley Eartham Easebourne East Ashling East Dean East Harting East Lavant East Lavington East Marden East Wittering Ebernoe Egdean Elsted Fernhurst Fishbourne Fittleworth Funtington Graffham Halnaker Heyshott Hunston Ifold Iping Kirdford Linch Linchmere Lodsworth Loxwood Lurgashall Merston Mid Lavant Midhurst Milland North Marden North Mundham Northchapel Nutbourne Nyewood Oving Petworth Plaistow Rogate Runcton Selham Selsey Sidlesham Singleton South Ambersham South Harting South Mundham Southbourne Stedham Stopham Stoughton Sutton Tangmere Tillington Trotton Up Marden Upperton Upwaltham Walderton West Ashling West Burton West Dean West Harting West Itchenor West Lavington West Marden West Stoke West Thorney West Wittering Westbourne Westhampnett Wisborough Green Woodmancote Woolbeding Chichester district v d e Ceremonial county of West Sussex West Sussex Portal Boroughs or districts District of Adur District of Arun District of Chichester Borough of Crawley District of Horsham District of Mid Sussex Borough of Worthing Cities and towns Arundel Bognor Regis Burgess Hill Chichester Crawley East Grinstead East Preston Haywards Heath Horsham Littlehampton Midhurst Petworth Pulborough Selsey Shoreham-by-Sea Southwick Steyning Worthing See also: List of civil parishes in West Sussex Topics History Places Parliamentary constituencies v d e Places with city status in the United Kingdom England Bath · Birmingham · Bradford · Brighton Hove · Bristol · Cambridge · Canterbury · Carlisle · Chester · Chichester · Coventry · Derby · Durham · Ely · Exeter · Gloucester · Hereford · Kingston upon Hull · Lancaster · Leeds · Leicester · Lichfield · Lincoln · Liverpool · City of London · Manchester · Newcastle upon Tyne · Norwich · Nottingham · Oxford · Peterborough · Plymouth · Portsmouth · Preston · Ripon · St Albans · Salford · Salisbury · Sheffield · Southampton · Stoke-on-Trent · Sunderland · Truro · Wakefield · Wells · Westminster · Winchester · Wolverhampton · Worcester · York Scotland Aberdeen · Dundee · Edinburgh · Glasgow · Inverness · Stirling Wales Bangor · Cardiff · Newport · St David's · Swansea Northern Ireland Belfast · Derry · Armagh · Newry · Lisburn v d e Major towns of Roman Britain Londinium capital of Britannia Superior - now London Eboracum capital of Britannia Inferior - now York Camulodunum first 'capital' of Roman Britain - now Colchester Bannaventa Northamptonshire Caesaromagus - now Chelmsford Calleva Atrebatum Hampshire Corinium Dobunnorum - now Cirencester Deva Victrix - now Chester Durovernum Cantiacorum - now Canterbury Durnovaria - now Dorchester Glevum - now Gloucester Isca Augusta - now Caerleon Isca Dumnoniorum - now Exeter Isurium Brigantum - now Aldborough Lactodurum - now Towcester Lindum Colonia - now Lincoln Moridunum - now Carmarthen Noviomagus Reginorum - now Chichester Petuaria - now Brough-on-Humber Ratae Corieltauvorum - now Leicester Venta Belgarum - now Winchester Venta Icenorum Norfolk Venta Silurum Monmouthshire Verulamium - now St Albans Viroconium Cornoviorum Shropshire See also: List of Roman place names in Britain Towns labeled with an asterisk have not grown into a modern UK location their county is shown instead Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Chichester Categories: Chichester | Cities in England | County towns in England | Market towns in England | Towns in West Sussex | Local government in West Sussex Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages ÄŒesky Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Nederlands ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English Suomi Svenska Volapük This page was last modified on 2 September 2008, at 16:49
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