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14-September-2008 18:38:44 - Chromoplast Chromoplasts are plastids responsible for pigment synthesis and storage. They, like all other plastids including chloroplasts and leucoplasts, are organelles found in specific photosynthetic eukaryotic species. Chromoplasts in the traditional sense, are found in coloured organs of plants such as fruit and floral petals, to which they give their distinctive colors. This is always associated with a massive increase in the accumulation of carotenoid pigments. The conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in ripening tomato fruit is a classic example. Chromoplasts synthesize and store pigments such as orange carotenes, yellow xanthophylls and various other red pigments; as such, their color varies depending on what pigment they contain. The probable main evolutionary role of chromoplasts is to act as an attractant for pollinating animals e.g. insects or for seed dispersal via the eating of colored fruits. They allow the accumulation of large quantities of water-insoluble compounds in otherwise watery parts of plants. In chloroplasts, some carotenoids are also used as accessory pigments in photosynthesis, where they act to increase the efficiency of chlorophyll in harvesting light energy. When leaves change color in autumn, it is due to the loss of green chlorophyll unmasking these carotenoids that are already present in the leaf. In this case, relatively little new carotenoids are produced. Therefore, the change in plastid pigments associated with leaf senescence is somewhat different from the active conversion to chromoplasts observed in fruit and flowers. It should be noted that the term chromoplast is occasionally utilized to include any plastid that has pigment, mostly to emphasize the contrast with the various types of leucoplasts, which are those plastids that have no pigments. In this sense, chloroplasts are a specific type of chromoplast. Still, chromoplast is more often used to denote those plastids with pigments other than the green of chlorophyll. Compare Plastid Chloroplast and etioplast Chromoplast Leucoplast Amyloplast Elaioplast Proteinoplast This cell biology article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Chromoplast Categories: Organelles | Photosynthesis | Cell biology stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки Deutsch Français Hrvatski Lietuvių МакедонÑ?ки Nederlands Polski SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina Türkçe This page was last modified on 28 March 2008, at 10:3
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