Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
14-September-2008 18:38:45 - Clay For other uses, see Clay disambiguation. The Gay Head cliffs in Martha's Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. The Gay Head cliffs in Martha's Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals, which show plasticity through a variable range of water content, and which can be hardened when dried and/or fired. Clay deposits are mostly composed of clay minerals phyllosilicate minerals, minerals which impart plasticity and harden when fired and/or dried, and variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure by polar attraction. Organic materials which do not impart plasticity may also be a part of clay deposits.1 Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the gradual chemical weathering of rocks usually silicate-bearing by low concentrations of carbonic acid and other diluted solvents. These solvents usually acidic migrate through the weathering rock after leaching through upper weathered layers. In addition to the weathering process, some clay minerals are formed by hydrothermal activity. Clay deposits may be formed in place as residual deposits, but thick deposits usually are formed as the result of a secondary sedimentary deposition process after they have been eroded and transported from their original location of formation. Clay deposits are typically associated with very low energy depositional environments such as large lake and marine deposits. Contents 1 Definition 1.1 Grouping 2 Historical and modern uses 2.1 Medical 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 References 6 External links Definition Clays are distinguished from other fine-grained soils by various differences in composition. Silts, which are fine-grained soils which do not include clay minerals, tend to have larger particle sizes than clays, but there is some overlap in both particle size and other physical properties, and there are many naturally occurring deposits which include both silts and clays. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 µm clays being finer than silts, sedimentologists often use 4-5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm.1 Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg Limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 0.063 mm, and silts larger. Quaternary clay in Estonia. Quaternary clay in Estonia. Primary clays, also known as kaolins are located at the site of formation. Secondary clay deposits have been moved by erosion and water from its primary location2. Grouping Depending upon academic source, there are three or four main groups of clays: kaolinite, montmorillonite-smectite, illite, and chlorite. Chlorites are not always considered a clay, sometimes being classified as a separate group within the phyllosilicates. There are approximately thirty different types of pure clays in these categories, but most natural clays are mixtures of these different types, along with other weathered minerals. Varve or varved clay is clay with visible annual layers, formed by seasonal differences in erosion and organic content. This type of deposit is common in former glacial lakes. Quick clay is a unique type of marine clay indigenous to the glaciated terrains of Norway, Canada and Sweden. It is a highly sensitive clay, prone to liquefaction, which has been involved in several deadly landslides. Historical and modern uses Clay layers in a construction site. Dry clay is normally much more stable than sand with regards to excavations. Clay layers in a construction site. Dry clay is normally much more stable than sand with regards to excavations. Clays exhibit plasticity when mixed with water in certain proportions. When dry, clay becomes firm and when fired in a kiln, permanent physical and chemical reactions occur which, amongst other changes, causes the clay to be converted into a ceramic material. It is because of these properties that clay is used for making pottery items, both practical and decorative. Different types of clay, when used with different minerals and firing conditions, are used to produce earthenware, stoneware and porcelain. Early humans discovered the useful properties of clay in prehistoric times, and one of the earliest artifacts ever uncovered is a drinking vessel made of sun-dried clay.citation needed Depending on the content of the soil, clay can appear in various colors, from a dull gray to a deep orange-red. Clay tablets were used as the first writing medium, inscribed with cuneiform script through the use of a blunt reed called a stylus. Clays sintered in fire were the first form of ceramic. Bricks, cooking pots, art objects, dishware and even musical instruments such as the ocarina can all be shaped from clay before being fired. Clay is also used in many industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production and chemical filtering. Clay is also often used in the manufacture of pipes for smoking tobacco. Clay, being relatively impermeable to water, is also used where natural seals are needed, such as in the cores of dams, or as a barrier in landfills against toxic seepage 'lining' the landfill, preferably in combination with geotextiles.3 Recent studies have been carried out to investigate clay's adsorption capacities in various applications, such as the removal of heavy metals from waste water and air purification. Medical A recent article in The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy found that certain iron-rich clay was effective in killing bacteria.4 See also Look up Clay in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bentonite Ceramic Clay industrial plasticine Clay animation Clay court Clay minerals Clay pit Geophagy eating of soils, including eating of clay Expansive clay Graham Cairns-Smith, proposed the 'clay theory' of abiogenesis List of minerals London Clay Modelling clay Paperclay Particle size Plasticine Pottery Vertisol Footnotes ^ a b Guggenheim Martin 1995, pp. 255-256 ^ Environmental Characteristics of Clays and Clay Mineral Deposits ^ Preliminary evaluation of a compacted bentonite / sand mixture as a landfill liner material Abstract - Koçkar, Mustafa K.; Akgün, Haluk; Aktürk, Özgür; Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey ^ Broad-spectrum in vitro antibacterial activities of clay minerals against antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens References Guggenheim, Stephen Martin, R. T. 1995, Definition of clay and clay mineral: Journal report of the AIPEA nomenclature and CMS nomenclature committees, Clays and Clay Minerals 43: 255-256, http://www.clays.org/journal/archive/volume%2043/43-2-255.pdf Clay mineral nomenclature American Mineralogist. Ehlers, Ernest G. and Blatt, Harvey 1982. 'Petrology, Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic' San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-1279-2. Hillier S. 2003 Clay Mineralogy. pp 139-142 In: Middleton G.V., Church M.J., Coniglio M., Hardie L.A. and Longstaffe F.J.ors Encyclopedia of sediments and sedimentary rocks. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Clay The Clay Minerals Group of the Mineralogical Society Historical information about the clays of North Staffordshire, UK Information about clays used in the UK pottery industry v d e Topics in geotechnical engineering Soils Clay · Silt · Sand · Gravel · Peat Soil properties Hydraulic conductivity · Water content · Void ratio · Bulk density · Thixotropy · Reynolds' dilatancy · Angle of repose · Cohesion · Porosity · Permeability · Specific storage Soil mechanics Effective stress · Pore water pressure · Shear strength · Overburden pressure · Consolidation · Soil compaction · Soil classification · Shear wave · Lateral earth pressure Geotechnical investigation Cone penetration test · Standard penetration test · Exploration geophysics · Monitoring well · Borehole Laboratory tests Atterberg limits · California bearing ratio · Direct shear test · Hydrometer · Proctor compaction test · R-value · Sieve analysis · Triaxial shear test · Hydraulic conductivity tests · Water content tests Field tests Crosshole sonic logging · Nuclear Densometer Test Foundations Bearing capacity · Shallow foundation · Deep foundation · Dynamic load testing · Wave equation analysis Retaining walls Mechanically stabilized earth · Soil nailing · Tieback · Gabion · Slurry wall Slope stability Mass wasting · Landslide Earthquakes Soil liquefaction · Response spectrum · Seismic hazard · Ground-structure interaction Geosynthetics Geotextile · Geomembranes · Geosynthetic clay liner Instrumentation for Stability Monitoring Deformation monitoring · Automated Deformation Monitoring Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Clay Categories: Ceramics | Ceramic materials | Sculpture materials | Natural materials | Sedimentology | Sediments | Silicate minerals | Types of soilHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since May 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Aragonés Aymar Bosanski БългарÑ?ки Català Чăвашла ÄŒesky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית LatvieÅ¡u Lietuvių Magyar Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Shqip Sicilianu Simple English SiSwati SlovenÄ?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька Vèneto West-Vlams ŽemaitÄ—Å¡ka ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 13 September 2008, at 06:44
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.