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14-September-2008 18:38:46 - Cotyledon Redirected from Cotyledons or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. July 2007 For other uses, see Cotyledon disambiguation. Cotyledon in formation before the accumulation of the reserve seen at Judas-tree Cercis siliquastrum Cotyledon in formation before the accumulation of the reserve seen at Judas-tree Cercis siliquastrum Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting Comparison of a monocot and dicot sprouting A cotyledon seed leaf from Greek: κοτυληδών kotylÄ“dÅ?n, from κοτÏ?λη kotýlÄ“, cup, bowl is a significant part of the embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon germination, the cotyledon may become the embryonic first leaves of a seedling. The number of cotyledons present is one characteristic used by botanists to classify the flowering plants angiosperms. Species with one cotyledon are called monocotyledonous or, monocots and placed in the class Liliopsida. Plants with two embryonic leaves are termed dicotyledonous dicots and placed in the class Magnoliopsida. The cotyledon of grasses and many other monocotyledons is highly modified leaf composed of a scutellum and a coleoptile. The scutellum is a tissue within the seed that is specialized to absorb stored food from the adjacent endosperm. The coleoptile is a protective cap that covers the plumule precursor to the stem and leaves of the plant. Gymnosperm seedlings also have cotyledons, and these are often variable in number multicotyledonous, with from 2 to 24 cotyledons forming a whorl at the top of the hypocotyl the embryonic stem surrounding the plumule. Within each species, there is often still some variation in cotyledon numbers, e.g. Monterey Pine Pinus radiata seedlings have 5-9, and Jeffrey Pine Pinus jeffreyi 7-13 Mirov 1967, but other species are more fixed, with e.g. Merranean Cypress always having just two cotyledons. The highest number reported is for Big-cone Pinyon Pinus maximartinezii, with 24 Farjon Styles 1997. A seedling of Pinus halepensis with eight cotyledons A seedling of Pinus halepensis with eight cotyledons The cotyledons may be ephemeral, lasting only days after emergence, or persistent, enduring a year or more on the plant. The cotyledons contain or in the case of gymnosperms and monocotyledons, have access to the stored food reserves of the seed. As these reserves are used up, the cotyledons may turn green and begin photosynthesis, or may wither as the first true leaves take over food production for the seedling. Cotyledons may be either epigeal, expanding on the germination of the seed, throwing off the seed shell and become photosynthetic above the ground; or hypogeal, not expanding, remaining below ground and not becoming photosynthetic. The latter is typically the case where the cotyledons act as a storage organ, as in many nuts and acorns. References Tiscali.reference - Cotyledon Mirov, N. T. 1967. The Genus Pinus. Ronald Press Company, New York. Farjon, A. Styles, B. T. 1997. Pinus Pinaceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 75: 221-224. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cotyledon Categories: Plant anatomy | Plant morphology | Plant reproductionHidden categories: Articles to be expanded since July 2007 | All articles to be expanded Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Galego Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano ქáƒ?რთული Bahasa Melayu Nederlands Polski Português Suomi Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 13:3
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