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14-September-2008 18:38:48 - Cymbopogon Lemon Grass Lemon grass plant Lemon grass plant Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Cymbopogon Spreng. Species About 55, see text Cymbopogon is a genus of about 55 species of grasses, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. It is a tall perennial grass. Common names include lemon grass, lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, citronella grass, fever grass or Hierba Luisa amongst many others. Contents 1 Cultivation and uses 2 In the Philippines 3 Partial species list 4 References 5 See also Cultivation and uses Prepared Lemongrass Prepared Lemongrass Lemon grass is widely used as an herb in Asian particularly Vietnamese, Hmong, Khmer, Thai, Lao, Malaysian, Indonesian, Philippine, Sri Lankan and Caribbean cooking. It has a citrus flavour and can be dried and powdered, or used fresh. The stalk itself is too hard to be eaten except for the soft inner part. However, it can be finely sliced and added to recipes. Thai Tom Yum Soup is a very popular dish in Thailand, ingredients of which include thickly cut stalks of lemongrass which give it a very distinct strong flavour. It is also sometimes bruised and added whole as this releases the aromatic oils from the juice sacs in the stalk. The main constituent of lemongrass oil is citral, which makes up around 80% of the total.1 Lemon grass is commonly used in teas, soups, and curries. It is also suitable for poultry, fish, and seafood. It is often used as a tea in African and Latino-American countries e.g., Togo, Mexico, DR Congo. East-Indian Lemon Grass Cymbopogon flexuosus, also called Cochin Grass or Malabar Grass, is native to Cambodia, India, Sri Lanka, Burma,and Thailand while the West-Indian lemon grass Cymbopogon citratus, also known as serai in Malay, is assumed to have its origins in Malaysia. While both can be used interchangeably, C. citratus is more suited for cooking. In India C. citratus is used both as a medical herb and in perfumes. Lemongrass can also be grown at home by leaving the stalks bought from the market in a small pot of water for two weeks. As soon as little white roots grow, it can be moved to soil. Research also shows that lemon grass oil has antifungal properties.2 Lemon grass at a market Lemon grass at a market Citronella Grass Cymbopogon nardus and Cymbopogon winterianus is similar to the species above but grows to 2 m and has red base stems. These species are used for the production of citronella oil, which is used in soaps, as a mosquito repellent in insect sprays and candles, and also in aromatherapy, which is famous in Bintan, Indonesia. The principal chemical constituents of citronella, geraniol and citronellol, are antiseptics, hence their use in household disinfectants and soaps. Besides oil production, citronella grass is also used for culinary purposes, in tea and as a flavoring. Palmarosa Cymbopogon martinii, also called Rosha Grass and Indian Geranium, is another species used in the perfume industry. It is a perennial clumping grass which grows to 150 cm with finer leaves and has a smaller bulbous base than the species above. The leaves and flower tops contain a sweet smelling oil which is used for the production of geraniol. It is also distilled into palmarosa oil and used in aromatherapy for its calming effect to help relieve nervous tension and stress. Lemongrass in some cases has been used as a mild depressant for the central nervous system. It is also sometimes used as a weed barrier. One particular alpine grassland variant known as juzai is a staple of Kyrgyz, Dungan and Uyghur cooking. In the Philippines Abundant in the Philippines, and 65- to 85-% citral, Cymbopogon citratus contains active ingredients like myrcene, an antibacterial and pain reliever, citronella, citronellol and geranilol. NGO Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation Inc. Adfi established in Mambugsay, South of Negros and Escalante, Negros Occidental lemon grass essential oil production, via distillery plants which extract the oil. Hydro steam distillation, condensation and cooling were used to separate the oil from the water. Hydrosol or Hydrolat, as a by-product of the distillation process, is a pure natural water or plant water essence used for the production of skin care products such as lotions, creams and facial cleansing toner in its pure form. The main products are - organic unadulterated lemon grass oil for industrial users, and Negros Oil mixture of lemon grass oil with virgin coconut oil used in aromatherapy.3 Partial species list Cymbopogon ambiguus Australian lemon-scented grass native of Australia Cymbopogon bombycinus Silky Oilgrass native of Australia Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass Cymbopogon citriodora West Indian lemon grass Cymbopogon flexuosus East Indian lemon grass Cymbopogon martinii Palmarosa Cymbopogon nardus Citronella Grass Cymbopogon obtectus Silky-heads native of Australia Cymbopogon procerus native of Australia Cymbopogon proximus found in Egypt Cymbopogon refractus Barbed wire grass native of Australia Cymbopogon schoenanthus or camel hay or camel grass, southern Asia and northern Africa Cymbopogon winterianus Citronella Grass References ^ Simonsen, J. L. Second Ed., 1953. The Terpenes, Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 83-100. ^ Shadab, Q., Hanif, M. Chaudhary, F.M. 1992 Antifungal activity by lemongrass essential oils. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 35, 246-249. ^ Inquirer.net, 'Tanglad' goes mainstream, yields essential oils See also Insect repellent Beautyberry DEET Citronella oil v d e Herbs and spices Herbs Angelica Basil Basil, holy Basil, Thai Bay leaf Boldo Bolivian Coriander Borage Chervil Chives Cicely Coriander leaf cilantro Cress Curry leaf Dill Elsholtzia ciliata Epazote Eryngium foetidum long coriander Hemp Hoja santa Houttuynia cordata giấp cá Hyssop Lavender Lemon balm Lemon grass Lemon verbena Limnophila aromatica rice paddy herb Lovage Marjoram Mint Mitsuba Oregano Parsley Perilla shiso Rosemary Rue Sage Savory Sorrel Tarragon Thyme Vietnamese coriander rau răm Woodruff Spices Ajwain bishop's weed Aleppo pepper Allspice Amchur mango powder Anise Aromatic ginger Asafoetida Camphor Caraway Cardamom Cardamom, black Cassia Cayenne pepper Celery seed Chenpi Chili Cinnamon Clove Coriander seed Cubeb Cumin Cumin, black Dill dill seed Fennel Fenugreek Fingerroot krachai Galangal, greater Galangal, lesser Garlic Ginger Golpar Grains of Paradise Grains of Selim Horseradish Juniper berry Liquorice Mace Mahlab Malabathrum tejpat Mustard, black Mustard, brown Mustard, white Nigella kalonji Nutmeg Paprika Peppercorn black, green white Pepper, long Pepper, Brazilian Pepper, Peruvian Pomegranate seed anardana Poppy seed Saffron Sarsaparilla Sassafras Sesame Sichuan pepper huÄ?jiÄ?o, sansho Star anise Sumac Tasmanian pepper Tamarind Tonka bean Turmeric Vanilla Wasabi Zedoary Zest Herb and spice mixtures Adjika Advieh Afghan spice rub Baharat Berbere Bouquet garni Buknu Chaat masala Chaunk Chili powder Crab boil Curry powder Fines herbes Five-spice powder Garam masala Garlic salt Harissa Herbes de Provence Jerk spice Khmeli suneli Lemon pepper Masala Mitmita Mixed spice Old Bay Seasoning Panch phoron Persillade Pumpkin pie spice Qâlat Daqqa Quatre épices Ras el hanout Recado rojo Sharena sol Shichimi Tabil Tandoori masala Za'atar Lists of herbs and spices List of Australian herbs and spices Chinese herbs List of Indian spices List of culinary herbs and spices Related topics Marinating Spice rub Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Cymbopogon Categories: Herbs | Spices | Poales of Australia | Medicinal plants | Poaceae Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages БългарÑ?ки Català Dansk Deutsch Español Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Bahasa Melayu ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Basa Sunda Suomi ไทย Tiếng Việt ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 8 September 2008, at 12:25
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