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14-September-2008 18:38:48 - Dental plaque Improper removal of plaque caused a build up of calculus dark yellow color near the gums on almost all the teeth. Improper removal of plaque caused a build up of calculus dark yellow color near the gums on almost all the teeth. Dental plaque is biofilm usually colorless that builds up on the teeth. If not removed regularly, it can lead to dental cavities caries or periodontal problems such as gingivitis. The microorganisms that form the biofilm are almost entirely bacteria mainly Streptococcus mutans and anaerobes, with the composition varying by location in the mouth. Examples of such anaerobes include fusobacterium and Actinobacteria. The microorganisms present in dental plaque are all naturally present in the oral cavity, and are normally harmless. However, failure to remove plaque by regular tooth brushing means that they are allowed to build up in a thick layer. Those microorganisms nearest the tooth surface convert to anaerobic respiration; it is in this state that they start to produce acids. Acids released from dental plaque lead to demineralization of the adjacent tooth surface, and consequently to dental caries. Saliva is also unable to penetrate the build-up of plaque and thus cannot act to neutralize the acid produced by the bacteria and remineralize the tooth surface. They also cause irritation of the gums around the teeth that could lead to gingivitis, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Plaque build up can also become mineralized and form calculus tartar. Prevention and treatment Frequency of brushing and flossing with good technique is important, because the nature i.e., composition of the microorganisms change as the plaque ages. Therefore, plaque which is 12 hours old for example is much less damaging than plaque which has not been removed in days. Oral hygiene practices have evolved largely during the time they have been most needed, i.e., the 20th and 21st centuries. The sudden increase in tooth decay is almost certainly attributable to changes in diet, such as the introduction of refined sugar and, later, candy. Mouthwash also mouth rinse is used for oral hygiene. Antiseptic and anti-plaque mouth rinse claims to kill the bacteria that cause plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis. Anti-cavity mouthwash contains fluoride, protecting against tooth decay. See also Flossing Gingiva Dental disease Oral hygiene Oral microbiology External links Introduction to dental plaque v d e Periodontology Tissues of the periodontium and their physiologic entities Alveolar bone - Biologic width - Cementum - Free gingival margin - Gingiva - Gingival fibers - Gingival sulcus - Junctional epithelium - Mucogingival junction - Periodontal ligament - Sulcular epithelium - Stippling Pathogenesis A. actinomycetemcomitans - B. forsythus - Capnocytophaga sp. - F. nucleatum - P. gingivalis - P. intermedia - T. denticola Pathologic entities Calculus - Edentulism - Fremitus - Gingival enlargement - Gingival pocket - Gingivitis - Horizontal bony defect - Occlusal trauma - Periodontal pocket - Periodontal disease - Plaque - Recession - Vertical bony defect Diagnosis, treatment planning, prevention and chemotherapeutic agents Brushing - Bleeding on probing - Chlorhexidine gluconate - Flossing - Hydrogen peroxide - Mouthwash - Oral hygiene - Tetracycline - Triclosan Periodontal armamentarium Curette - Membrane - Probe - Scaler Conventional therapy Debridement - Scaling and root planing Surgical therapy and periodontal surgery Apically positioned flap - Bone graft - Coronally positioned flap - Crown lengthening - Flap debridement - Free gingival graft - Gingivectomy - Guided bone regeneration - Guided tissue regeneration - Implant Placement - Lateral pedicle graft - Pocket reduction surgery - Sinus lift - Subepithelial connective tissue graft This dentistry article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Dental_plaque Categories: Dentistry | Dentistry stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية Bân-lâm-gú БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Deutsch Español Français Ã?slenska Italiano മലയാളം Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Simple English СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska ไทย Tiếng Việt 䏿–‡ This page was last modified on 10 September 2008, at 20
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