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14-September-2008 18:38:49 - mineral Food portal Dietary minerals are the chemical elements required by living organisms, other than the four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen present in common organic molecules. The term mineral is archaic, since the intent of the definition is to describe ions, not chemical compounds or actual minerals. Dietitians may recommend that minerals are best supplied by ingesting specific foods rich with the elements of interest. Sometimes minerals are ingested as mineral dietary supplements, the most common being iodine in iodized salt. The dietary focus on minerals derives from an interest in supporting biochemical reactions with the required elemental components.1 Appropriate intake levels of certain chemical elements are thus required to maintain optimal health. According to nutritional experts, the requirements are met simply with a conventional balanced diet.citation needed Contents 1 Essential minerals 2 Unproven essential minerals 3 See also 4 External links 5 References Essential minerals Seventeen minerals are required to support human biochemical processes by playing roles in cell structure and function as well as electrolytes:2 Calcium is needed for muscle, heart and digestive system health, builds bone, neutralizes acidity, supports synthesis and function of blood cells. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, calcium-fortified foods, canned fish with bones salmon, sardines, and green leafy vegetables. Chloride is needed for production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and in cellular pump functions. Table salt is the main dietary source of chloride. Cobalt - vitamin B12. See pernicious anemia. Copper is required component of many redox enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase. Fluorine participates in formation of tooth enamel which contains fluoroapatite. See also water fluoridation. Iodine is required for the biosynthesis of thyroxine. See also Iodine deficiency. Iron is required for many proteins and enzymes, notably hemoglobin. Dietary sources include red meat, leafy green vegetables, fish tuna, salmon, eggs, dried fruits, beans, whole grains, and enriched grains. See also iron deficiency medicine. Magnesium is required for processing ATP and for bones. Dietary sources include nuts, soy beans, and cocoa. See also magnesium deficiency medicine. Manganese is a cofactor in enzyme functions. Molybdenum - xanthine oxidase and related oxidases. Nickel - urease Phosphorus is a component of bones see apatite and energy processing and many other functions.3 Potassium is a systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with sodium. Dietary sources include legumes, potato skin, tomatoes, and bananas. Selenium, a cofactor essential to activity of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase. Sodium is a systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with potassium. Dietary sources include table salt sodium chloride, the main source, sea vegetables, milk, and spinach. Sulfur - cysteine and methionine Zinc is pervasive and required for several enzymes such as carboxypeptidase, liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase. Unproven essential minerals Many elements have been suggested as essential, but such claims have usually not been confirmed. Definitive evidence for efficacy comes from the characterization of a biomolecule containing the element with an identifiable and testable function. One problem with identifying efficacy is that some elements are innocuous at low concentrations and are pervasive, so proof of efficacy is lacking because deficiencies are difficult to reproduce.1 Arsenic, boron, bromine, cadmium, silicon, tungsten, and vanadium have established, albeit specialized, biochemical roles as structural or functional cofactors in other organisms. These elements appear not to be utilized by humans.citation needed Of the many trace minerals still lacking proof, chromium is implicated in sugar metabolism in humans, leading to a market for the supplement, chromium picolinate, but definitive biochemical evidence for a physiological function is lacking.4 See also Macronutrient Essential nutrient Micronutrient deficiency Health food External links Metals in Nutrition The Minerals in Your Food References ^ a b Lippard, Stephen J.; Jeremy M. Berg 1994. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books, 411. ISBN 0935702725. ^ Nelson, David L.; Michael M. Cox 2000-02-15. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Third ion, 3 Har/Com, W. H. Freeman, 1200. ISBN 1572599316. ^ Corbridge, D. E. C. 1995-02-01. Phosphorus: An Outline of Its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology, 5th, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Pub Co, 1220. ISBN 0444893075. ^ Stearns DM 2000. Is chromium a trace essential metal?. Biofactors 11 3: 149-62. PMID 10875302. v d e Food chemistry Additives · Carbohydrates · Coloring · Enzymes · Essential fatty acids · Flavors · Lipids · Minerals · Proteins · Vitamins · Water v d e Dietary supplements Types Amino acids Bodybuilding supplement Energy drink Energy bar Fatty acids Herbal Supplements Minerals Prebiotics Probiotics Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium Vitamins Whole food supplements, effervescent Vitamins and minerals Retinol Vitamin A B vitamins: Thiamine B1 Riboflavin B2 Niacin B3 Pantothenic acid B5 Pyridoxine B6 Biotin B7 Folic acid B9 Cyanocobalamin B12 Ascorbic acid Vitamin C Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol Vitamin D Tocopherol Vitamin E Naphthoquinone Vitamin K Calcium Choline Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluorine Iodine Iron Magnesium Manganese Molybdenum Phosphorus Potassium Selenium Sodium Sulfur Zinc Other common ingredients Carnitine Chondroitin sulfate Cod liver oil Copper gluconate Creatine/Creatine supplements Dietary fiber Elemental calcium Ephedra Fish oil Folic acid Ginseng Glucosamine Glutamine Iron supplements Japanese Honeysuckle Krill oil Lingzhi Linseed oil Melatonin Red yeast rice Royal jelly Saw palmetto Spirulina Taurine Wheatgrass Wolfberry Yohimbine Zinc gluconate Related articles Codex Alimentarius Enzyte Metabolife Hadacol Nutraceutical Multivitamin Nutrition v d e Mineral supplements A12 Calcium Calcium phosphate - Calcium glubionate - Calcium gluconate - Calcium carbonate - Calcium lactate - Calcium lactate gluconate - Calcium chloride - Calcium glycerylphosphate - Calcium citrate lysine complex - Calcium glucoheptonate - Calcium pangamate Potassium Potassium chloride - Potassium citrate - Potassium hydrogentartrate - Potassium hydrogencarbonate - Potassium gluconate Sodium Sodium chloride - Sodium sulfate Zinc Zinc sulfate - Zinc gluconate Magnesium Magnesium chloride - Magnesium sulfate - Magnesium gluconate - Magnesium citrate - Magnesium aspartate - Magnesium lactate - Magnesium levulinate - Magnesium pidolate - Magnesium orotate - Magnesium oxide Fluoride Sodium fluoride - Sodium monofluorophosphate Selenium Sodium selenate - Sodium selenite Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Dietary_mineral Categories: Dietary minerals | Nutrition | Food scienceHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català Deutsch Español Esperanto Français Italiano עברית Magyar Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Simple English Suomi ไทย Tiếng Việt ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 11 September 2008, at 11:11
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