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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Catenin Interactions of structural proteins at cadherin-based adherens junction. The exact means by which cadherins are linked to actin filaments is still under investigation. Interactions of structural proteins at cadherin-based adherens junction. The exact means by which cadherins are linked to actin filaments is still under investigation.1 Catenins are proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells. The first two catenins that were identified2 became known as alpha-catenin and beta-catenin. Alpha-catenin can bind to beta-catenin and can also bind actin. Beta-catenin binds the cytoplasmic domain of some cadherins. Additional catenins such as gamma-catenin and delta-catenin have been identified. The name catenin was originally selected 'catena' means 'chain' in Latin because it was suspected that catenins might link cadherins to the cytoskeleton.3 Contents 1 Types 2 Catenins and cadherin function 3 References 4 External links Types Figure 1. Beta-catenin at cell-to-cell contacts of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Figure 1. Beta-catenin at cell-to-cell contacts of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. alpha-catenin beta-catenin delta-catenin gamma-catenin All but alpha contain armadillo repeats. Catenins and cadherin function F9 embryonal carcinoma cells are similar to the P19 cells shown in Figure 1 and normally have cell-to-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin with beta-catenin bound to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin. F9 cells were genetically engineered to lack beta-catenin, resulting in increased association of plakoglobin with E-cadherin.4 In F9 cells lacking both beta-catenin and plakoglobin, very little E-cadherin and alpha-catenin accumulated at the cell surface.4 Mice lacking beta-catenin have defective embryos. Mice engineered to specifically have vascular endothelium cells deficient in beta-catenin showed disrupted adhesion between vascular endothelial cells.5 Mice lacking plakoglobin have cell adhesion defects in many tissues, although beta-catenin substitutes for plakoglobin at many cellular junctions.6 Keratinocytes engineered to not express alpha-catenin have disrupted cell adhesion7 and activated NF-kB.8 A tumor cell line with defective delta-catenin, low levels of E-cadherin and poor cell-to-cell adhesion could be reverted to normal epithelial morphology and increased E-cadherin levels by expression of normal levels of functional delta-catenin.7 References ^ Re-solving the Cadherin-Catenin-Actin Conundrum by William I. Weis and W. James Nelson in Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006 Volume 281, pages 35593-35597. ^ N. Peyrieras, D. Louvard and F. Jacob. Characterization of antigens recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against uvomorulin in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1985 Volume 82, pages 8067-8071. Full text at PMC: 2415979 ^ M. Ozawa, H. Baribault and R. Kemler. The cytoplasmic domain of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three independent proteins structurally related in different species in The EMBO Journal 1989 Volume 8, pages 1711-1717. Full text at PMC: 2788574 ^ a b Y. Fukunaga, H. Liu, M. Shimizu, S. Komiya, M. Kawasuji, A. Nagafuchi. Defining the roles of beta-catenin and plakoglobin in cell-cell adhesion: isolation of beta-catenin/plakoglobin-deficient F9 cells in Cell Structure and Function 2005 Volume 30, pages 25-34. Entrez PubMed 16357441 ^ Anna Cattelino, Stefan Liebner, Radiosa Gallini, Adriana Zanetti, Giovanna Balconi, Alessandro Corsi, Paolo Bianco, Hartwig Wolburg, Robert Moore, Boussadia Oreda, Rolf Kemler and Elisabetta Dejana The conditional inactivation of the beta-catenin gene in endothelial cells causes a defective vascular pattern and increased vascular fragility in Journal of Cell Biology 2003 Volume 162, pages 1111-1122. doi:10.1083/jcb.200212157 ^ Christiane Bierkamp, Heinz Schwarz, Otmar Huber and Rolf Kemler. Full text online: Desmosomal localization of beta-catenin in the skin of plakoglobin null-mutant mice in Development 1999 Volume 126, pages 371-381. ^ a b V. Vasioukhin, c. Bauer, L. Degenstein, B. Wise and E. Fuchs. Hyperproliferation and defects in epithelial polarity upon conditional ablation of alpha-catenin in skin in Cell 2001 Volume 104, pages 605-617. Entrez PubMed 11239416 ^ A. Kobielak and E. Fuchs Links between alpha-catenin, NF-kappaB, and squamous cell carcinoma in skin in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006 Volume 103, pages 2322-2327. Entrez PubMed 16452166 External links MeSH Catenins v d e Proteins of the cytoskeleton Microfilaments Actins - Actin-binding proteins - Actinin - Arp2/3 complex - Cofilin - Destrin - Gelsolin - Myosins - Profilin - Tropomodulin - Troponin T, C, I - Tropomyosin - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Intermediate filaments type 1 and 2 Cytokeratin, type I, type II - type 3 Desmin, GFAP, Peripherin, Vimentin - type 4 Internexin, Nestin, Neurofilament, Synemin, Syncoilin - type 5 Lamin A, B Microtubules Dyneins - Kinesins - MAPs Tau protein, Dynamin - Tubulins - Stathmin - Tektin Catenins Alpha catenin - Beta catenin - Plakoglobin gamma catenin - Delta catenin Nonhuman Major sperm proteins - Prokaryotic cytoskeleton Crescentin, FtsZ, MreB Other APC - Dystrophin Dystroglycan - plakin Desmoplakin, Plectin - Spectrin - Talin - Utrophin - Vinculin Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Catenin Categories: Cell adhesion proteins | Structural proteins Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Français This page was last modified on 24 June 2008, at 11
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