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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Chancroid Chancroid Classification and external resources Photomicrograph of H. ducreyi ICD-10 A57. ICD-9 099.0 DiseasesDB 5563 MedlinePlus 000635 eMedicine emerg/95 MeSH D002602 Chancroid is a sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Chancroid is known to be spread from one to another individual through sexual contact. Contents 1 Causes 2 Symptoms and signs 3 Common locations in women 4 Treatment 5 External links Causes Chancroid is a bacterial infection caused by the fastidious Gram-negative streptobacillus Haemophilus ducreyi. It is a disease found primarily in developing countries, associated with commercial sex workers and their clientele. Infection levels are low in the western world, typically around one case per two million of the population Canada, France, UK and USA. Most individuals diagnosed with chancroid have visited countries or areas where the disease is known to occur frequently, although outbreaks have been observed in association with crack cocaine use and prostitution. Uncircumcised men are at three times greater risk than circumcised men for contracting chancroid from an infected partner. Chancroid is a risk factor for contracting HIV, due to their ecological association or shared risk of exposure, and biologically facilitated transmission of one infection by the other. Symptoms and signs After an incubation period of one day to two weeks, chancroid begins with a small bump that becomes an ulcer within a day of its appearance. The ulcer characteristically: Ranges in size dramatically from 3 to 50 mm 1/8 inch to two inches across Is painful Has sharply defined, undermined borders Has irregular or ragged borders Has a base that is covered with a gray or yellowish-gray material Has a base that bleeds easily if traumatized or scraped More specifically, the CDC's standard clinical definition for a probable case of chancroid includes all of the following: Patient has one or more painful genital ulcers. The combination of a painful ulcer with tender adenopathy is suggestive of chancroid; the presence of suppurative adenopathy is almost pathognomonic. No evidence of Treponema pallidum is indicated by dark-field examination of ulcer or by a serologic test for Syphilis performed at least 7 days after the onset of ulcer. The clinical presentation is not typical of disease caused by human herpesvirus 2 Herpes Simplex Virus, or result of culture for HSV is negative. About half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women frequently have four or more ulcers, with fewer symptoms. The ulcers appear in specific locations, such as the coronal sulcus of the uncircumcised glans penis in men, or the fourchette and labia minora in women. Common locations in women In women the most common location for ulcers is the labia majora. Kissing ulcers may develop. These are ulcers that occur on opposing surfaces of the labia. Other areas such as the labia minora, perineal area, and inner thighs may also be involved. The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and pain with intercourse. The initial ulcer may be mistaken as a hard chancre, the typical sore of primary syphilis, as opposed to the soft chancre of chancroid. Approximately one third of the infected individuals will develop enlargements of the inguinal lymph nodes, the nodes located in the fold between the leg and the lower abdomen. Half of those who develop swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes will progress to a point where the nodes rupture through the skin producing draining abscesses. The swollen lymph nodes and abscesses are often referred to as buboes. Treatment The CDC recommendation for chancroid is a single oral dose of Azithromycin or a single IM dose of Ceftriaxone or oral Erythromycin for seven days. External links Vaccine Shown Effective Against Chancroid in Medical News Today May 9, 2006. Retrieved on May 1, 2008. v d e Sexually transmitted diseases and infections STD/STI primarily A50-A64, 090-099 Bacterial Chancroid Haemophilus ducreyi Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Donovanosis Granuloma Inguinale Lymphogranuloma venereum LGV Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Syphilis Treponema pallidum Ureaplasma urealyticum Protozoal Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis Parasitic Crab louse/crabs Scabies Viral AIDS HIV-1/HIV-2 Cervical cancer Genital warts condyloma Human papillomavirus HPV Hepatitis B Herpes simplex virus HSV1/HSV2 Molluscum contagiosum MCV General inflammation female: Cervicitis Pelvic inflammatory disease PID male: Epididymitis Prostatitis either: Proctitis Urethritis/Non-gonococcal urethritis NGU Other Ectopic pregnancy Premature birth Infertility Reactive arthritis v d e Infectious diseases - Bacterial diseases primarily A00-A79, 001-041,080-109 G+ Firmicutes Clostridium Pseudomembranous colitis - Botulism - Tetanus - Gas gangrene Bacilli class Coccus Strep-: Alpha pneumoniae, mutans, viridans - Beta A pyogenes Scarlet fever, Erysipelas, Rheumatic fever, Streptococcal pharyngitis, B agalactiae - D Entero- Staphylo- - Toxic shock syndrome Bacillus shape Bacillus Anthrax - Listeria Listeriosis Actinobacteria Actinomycetales Actinomycosis/Actinomycetoma Whipple's disease - Corynebacterium Diphtheria, Erythrasma - Nocardia Nocardiosis, Maduromycosis Mycobacterium M. tuberculosis Tuberculosis: Ghon focus/Ghon's complex - Pott disease - brain Meningitis, Rich focus - cutaneous Scrofula, Bazin disease, Lupus vulgaris, Prosector's wart - Miliary M. leprae Leprosy Nontuberculous: Mycobacterium avium Lady Windermere syndrome - Mycobacterium ulcerans Buruli ulcer G- Spirochetal Treponema: Syphilis Bejel - Yaws - Pinta Borrelia: Relapsing fever - Lyme disease Erythema chronicum migrans, Neuroborreliosis other/multiple/unknown: Noma - Trench mouth - Rat-bite fever Sodoku - Leptospirosis Intracellular Mycoplasmatales Mycoplasma pneumonia - Ureaplasma infection Chlamydiae Chlamydophila Psittacosis - Chlamydia Chlamydia, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Trachoma Proteobacteria primarily rods, except Neisseria =cocci α/ Intra- Rickettsiales/ Rickettsioses/ Anaplasmataceae Typhus Murine typhus, Epidemic typhus spotted fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Boutonneuse fever, Rickettsialpox Ehrlichiosis Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Human monocytic ehrlichiosis OTHER: Coxiella Q fever - Bartonella Trench fever - Orientia Scrub typhus Rhizobiales Brucellosis - Cat scratch fever - Bartonellosis Bacillary angiomatosis β Neisseriaceae: Meningococcus Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome - Gonorrhea Burkholderiales: Glanders - Melioidosis - Pertussis γ Enterobacteriaceae: Salmonella Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis - Yersinia pestis Plague/Bubonic plague - Klebsiella Rhinoscleroma, Donovanosis - Shigella Shigellosis - Escherichia coli/O157:H7 - Proteus Pasteurellaceae: Pasteurella Pasteurellosis - Haemophilus Brazilian purpuric fever, Chancroid - Actinobacillus Actinobacillosis other: Francisella Tularemia - Vibrio Cholera - Legionella Legionellosis - Pseudomonas - Serratia ε Campylobacteriosis - Helicobacter Bacteroidetes Bacteroides Other Gardnerella Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Chancroid Categories: Sexually transmitted diseases and infections | Bacterial diseases | Proteobacteria Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Þ‹Þ¨ÞˆÞ¬Þ€Þ¨Þ„Þ¦Þ?Þ° Español Esperanto Français Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Latina Nederlands Polski Português Suomi Svenska Türkçe This page was last modified on 25 August 2008, at 22:50
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