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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Decongestant A decongestant is a broad class of medications used to relieve nasal congestion. Generally, they work by reducing swelling of the mucous membranes in the nasal passages. Contents 1 Mechanism 2 Administration 3 Examples 4 See also Mechanism Most decongestants cause response from adrenoreceptor a1, chiefly responsible for vasoconstriction a2 modulates adrenaline/noradrenaline levels, b1 is the most stimulating and increases cardiac output, b2 dilates the bronchial walls, and b3 induces lipolysis. The effects are not limited to the nose and these medicines can increase hypertension blood pressure through vasoconstriction, but most decongestants are not pronounced stimulants due to lack of response from the other adrenoreceptors. These are normally paired with antihistamines to lessen this effect, but the combination of both classes of drugs do not necessarily cancel the side effects of each other.citation needed Topical nasal or ophthalmic decongestants quickly develop tachyphylaxis. Long-term use is not recommended since these agents lose effectiveness after a few days. Administration These agents are usually administered topically by the intranasal route or orally. Examples The most common oral decongestants are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine; phenylpropanolamine PPA is another, although it is no longer available in the United States. Oxymetazoline and phenylephrine are commonly available topical decongestants nasal sprays. See also Nasal congestion includes non-pharmacological remedies Topical decongestant Adrenoreceptor Expectorant v d e Major drug groups Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism A stomach acid Antacids, H2 antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors Antiemetics Laxatives Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives Anti-obesity drugs Anti-diabetics Vitamins Dietary minerals Blood and blood forming organs B Antithrombotics Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics Antihemorrhagics Cardiovascular system C cardiac therapy/antianginals Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulant Antihypertensives Diuretics Vasodilators Beta blockers renin-angiotensin system ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors Antihyperlipidemics Skin D Emollients Cicatrizant Antipruritics Reproductive system G Hormonal contraception Fertility agents SERMs Sex hormones Endocrine system H Corticosteroids Sex hormones Thyroid hormones Antithyroid agent Infections and infestations J, P Antibiotics Antivirals Vaccines Antifungals Antiparasitic Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics Malignant and immune disease L Anticancer agents Immunostimulators Immunosuppressants Muscles, bones, and joints M Anabolic steroids Anti-inflammatories NSAID Antirheumatics Corticosteroids Muscle relaxants Brain and nervous system N Anesthetics General, Local Analgesics Anticonvulsants Mood stabilizers Psycholeptic Anxiolytics, Antipsychotics, Hypnotics/Sedatives Psychoanaleptic Antidepressants, Stimulants/Psychostimulants Respiratory system R Bronchodilators Decongestants H1 antagonists Other ATC V Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressing v d e Decongestants and other nasal preparations R01 Topical Sympathomimetics, plain Cyclopentamine - Ephedrine - Phenylephrine - Oxymetazoline - Tetryzoline - Xylometazoline - Naphazoline - Tramazoline - Metizoline - Tuaminoheptane - Fenoxazoline - Tymazoline - Epinephrine Antiallergic agents, excluding corticosteroids Spaglumic acid histamine antagonists Levocabastine, Antazoline, Thonzylamine mast cell stabilizer some are also antihistamines Cromoglicic acid, Nedocromil, Azelastine, Olopatadine Corticosteroids Beclometasone - Prednisolone - Dexamethasone - Flunisolide - Budesonide - Betamethasone - Tixocortol - Fluticasone - Mometasone furoate - Triamcinolone - Ciclesonide Other nasal preparations Calcium hexamine thiocyanate - Retinol - Ipratropium bromide - Ritiometan - Mupirocin - Hexamidine - Framycetin Systemic use: Sympathomimetics Phenylpropanolamine - Pseudoephedrine - Phenylephrine Tablets This pharmacology-related article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Decongestant Categories: Decongestants | Pharmacology stubsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since February 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Türkçe Español Nederlands This page was last modified on 24 August 2008, at 16:37
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