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Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Enalapril Enalapril Systematic IUPAC name 1-2-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenyl-propyl aminopropanoyl pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid. Diagrams above are enalpril and enalaprilat, respectively. Data below refers to enalapril unless indicated Identifiers CAS number 75847-73-3 ATC code C09AA02 PubChem 5362032 DrugBank APRD00510 Chemical data Formula C20H28N2O5 Mol. mass 376.447 g/mol Pharmacokinetic data Bioavailability 60% oral Metabolism hepatic to enalaprilat Half life 11 hours enalaprilat Excretion renal Therapeutic considerations Pregnancy cat. ?AU Legal status ℞ Prescription only Routes ? Enalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure. Enalapril was the first member of the group of ACE inhibitors known as the dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitors. It is marketed by Merck Co. Merck, Sharp Dohme under the trade names, Renitec and Vasotec. The primary effect of enalapril, as with all ACE inhibitors, is to lower blood pressure. Contents 1 Development 2 Enalaprilat 3 A prototype for others 4 External links Development Enalapril was developed by researchers at Merck Co. as part of their efforts to develop novel treatments for hypertension by modulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone RAS system. The success of Squibb in developing the first inhibitor, captopril, provided a major impetus for Merck's research laboratories to develop a competing product. Captopril was not without its problems, however, as it was believed and shown to be true that the sulfhydryl-moiety of captopril was responsible for such adverse effects as metallic taste. Enalaprilat Enalaprilat, the first dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitor, was developed partly to overcome these limitations of captopril. The sulfhydryl-moiety was replaced by a carboxylate-moiety, but additional modifications were required in its structure-based design to achieve a similar potency to captopril. Enalaprilat itself, however, was not without its problems. The consequence of the structural modifications was that it proved to have unfavourable ionisation characteristics to allow sufficient potency for oral administration in tablets. Thus enalaprilat was only suitable for intravenous administration. This was overcome by the researchers at Merck by the esterification of enalaprilat with ethanol to produce enalapril. As a prodrug, enalapril is metabolised in vivo to the active form enalaprilat by various esterases. Peak plasma enalaprilat concentrations occur 2 to 4 hours after oral enalapril administration. Elimination thereafter is biphasic, with an initial phase which reflects renal filtration elimination half-life 2 to 6 hours and a subsequent prolonged phase elimination half-life 36 hours, the latter representing equilibration of drug from tissue distribution sites. The prolonged phase does not contribute to drug accumulation on repeated administration but is thought to be of pharmacological significance in mediating drug effects. Renal impairment particularly creatinine clearance 20 ml/min 1.2 L/h results in significant accumulation of enalaprilat and necessitates dosage reduction. Accumulation is probably the cause of reduced elimination in healthy elderly individuals and in patients with concomitant diabetes, hypertension and heart failure. A prototype for others Most importantly, perhaps, the QSAR-based modifications in structure serendipitously led to an improved understanding of the structure of ACE which aided in the development of subsequent carboxylate-containing ACE inhibitors. External links Prescribing Information for VASOTEC v d e Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system C09 ACE inhibitors Alacepril Benazepril Captopril Cilazapril Delapril Enalapril Fosinopril Imidapril Lisinopril Moexipril Perindopril Quinapril Ramipril Rentiapril Spirapril Temocapril Trandolapril Zofenopril Angiotensin II receptor antagonists AIIRA Azilsartan Candesartan Eprosartan Irbesartan Losartan Olmesartan Tasosartan Telmisartan Valsartan Renin inhibitors Aliskiren Remikiren Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Enalapril Categories: ACE inhibitors | Prodrugs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Français Hrvatski 日本語 Norsk nynorsk Polski Português ไทย This page was last modified on 15 August 2008, at 18:01
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