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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Expressive aphasia Expressive aphasia Classification and external resources Broca's area and Wernicke's area ICD-10 F80.1 ICD-9 315.31 MeSH D001039 Expressive aphasia, known as Broca's aphasia in clinical neuropsychology and agrammatic aphasia in cognitive neuropsychology, is an aphasia caused by damage to or developmental issues in anterior regions of the brain, including but not limited to the left inferior frontal region known as Broca's area Brodmann area 44 and Brodmann area 45.citation needed Contents 1 Presentation 2 Classification and diagnosis 3 Famous Sufferers 4 See also 5 References 6 External Links Presentation Sufferers of this form of aphasia exhibit the common problem of agrammatism. For them, speech is difficult to initiate, non-fluent, labored, and halting. Respectfully, writing is difficult as well. Intonation and stress patterns are deficient. Language is reduced to disjointed words and sentence construction is poor, omitting function words and inflections bound morphemes. A person with expressive aphasia might say Son ... University ... Smart ... Boy ... Good ... Good ... For example, in the following passage, a Broca's aphasic patient is trying to explain how he came to the hospital for dental surgery: Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... his own name, and Dad.... er... hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah.1 In extreme cases, patients may be only able to produce a single word. The most famous case of this was Paul Broca's patient Leborgne, nicknamed Tan, after the only syllable he could say. Even in such cases, over-learned and rote-learned speech patterns may be retained2-for instance, some patients can count from one to ten, but cannot produce the same numbers in ordinary conversation. While word comprehension is generally preserved, meaning interpretation dependent on syntax and phrase structure is substantially impaired. This can be demonstrated by using phrases with unusual structures. A typical Broca's aphasic patient will misinterpret the dog is bitten by the man by switching the subject and object.3 Patients who recover go on to say that they knew what they wanted to say but could not express themselves. Residual deficits will often be seen. Classification and diagnosis Expressive aphasia is also a classification of non-fluent aphasia, as opposed to fluent aphasia. Diagnosis is done on a case by case basis, as lesions often affect surrounding cortex and deficits are not well conserved between patients. Famous Sufferers Ram Dass See also Broca's area aphasia Dysnomia Anomia Compare with receptive aphasia Wernicke's aphasia. References ^ Goodglass, H.; N. Geschwind 1976. Language disorders, in E. Carterette and M.P. Friedman: Handbook of Perception: Language and Speech. Vol VII. New York: Academic Press. ^ Specific Syndromes: The Nonfluent Aphasias. Neuropathologies of Language and Cognition. Retrieved on 2006-05-10. ^ Neurology of Syntax. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 1. Retrieved on 2006-05-10. External Links Aphasia Center of California in Oakland, CA, U.S. v d e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders F · 290-319 Neurological/symptomatic Dementia Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Elopement, Sundowning, Wandering · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome Psychoactive substance alcohol drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse · opioids opioid dependency · sedative/hypnotic benzodiazepine withdrawal · cocaine cocaine dependence · general Intoxication, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Withdrawal Psychotic disorder Schizophrenia disorganized schizophrenia · Schizophreniform disorder · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder Mood affective Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety, Social phobia · OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder Ganser syndrome · Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hypochondriasis, Nosophobia, Da Costa's syndrome, Psychalgia · Neurasthenia Physiological/physical behavioral Eating disorder: Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa Sleep disorder: Dyssomnia Hypersomnia, Insomnia · Parasomnia REM behavior disorder, Night terror · Nightmare Sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis Adult personality and behavior Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Fetishism Mental retardation Mental retardation Psychological development developmental disorder Specific: speech and language expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp · Scholastic skills dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome · Motor function developmental dyspraxia Pervasive: Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome Behavioral and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech stuttering · cluttering v d e Lesions of spinal cord and brain Spinal cord sensory: Sensory ataxia - Tabes dorsalis motor: Motor neurone disease mixed: Brown-Séquard syndrome - cord syndrome Posterior, Anterior, Central/Syringomyelia - Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord B12 Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brainstem Medulla CN 8, 9, 10, 12 Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA - Medial medullary syndrome ASA Pons CN 5, 6, 7, 8 Lateral pontine syndrome AICA - Millard-Gubler syndrome lateral - Medial pontine syndrome basilar - Foville's syndrome dorsal, basilar - Locked-In syndrome ventral - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - One and a half syndrome Midbrain CN 3, 4 Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA - Benedikt's syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA - Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Cerebellum lateral Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Intention tremor - medial Cerebellar ataxia Basal ganglia Chorea - Dystonia - Parkinson's disease Cortex ACA syndrome - MCA syndrome - PCA syndrome frontal lobe: Expressive aphasia - Abulia parietal lobe: Receptive aphasia - Hemispatial neglect - Gerstmann syndrome - Astereognosis occipital lobe: Balint's syndrome - Cortical blindness - Alexia without agraphia temporal lobe: Cortical deafness - Prosopagnosia Other Subclavian steal syndrome - Upper motor neurone lesion Clasp-knife response - Lower motor neurone lesion v d e Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice R47-R49, 784 Aphasia/Dysphasia Expressive aphasia - Receptive aphasia - Conduction aphasia Other speech disturbances Dysarthria - Schizophasia Symbolic dysfunctions Dyslexia - Alexia - Agnosia Prosopagnosia, Astereognosis - Apraxia Ideomotor apraxia - Acalculia - Agraphia Voice disturbances Dysphonia - Aphonia This psychology-related article is a stub. This disease article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Expressive_aphasia Categories: Aphasias | Psychology stubs | Disease stubsHidden categories: All articles with statements | Articles with statements since November 2007 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Eesti Italiano Nederlands This page was last modified on 26 July 2008, at 02:42
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