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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Gerstmann syndrome Gerstmann syndrome Classification and external resources Principal fissures and lobes of the cerebrum viewed laterally. Parietal lobe is shown in yellow ICD-10 F81.2 ICD-9 784.69 DiseasesDB 30728 Gerstmann syndrome is a neurological disorder that is characterized by a constellation of symptoms that suggests the presence of a lesion in a particular area of the brain. It should not be confused with Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome, which is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. It is named for Josef Gerstmann.1 Contents 1 Primary symptoms 2 Causes 3 In adults 4 In children 5 Treatment 6 Prognosis 7 References 8 Sources 9 External links Primary symptoms Gerstmann syndrome is characterized by four primary symptoms: Dysgraphia/agraphia Dyscalculia/acalculia Finger agnosia Left-right disorientation Causes This disorder is often associated with brain lesions in the dominant usually left side of the angular and supramarginal gyri near the temporal and parietal lobe junction. There is significant debate in the scientific literature as to whether Gerstmann Syndrome truly represents a unified, theoretically motivated syndrome. Thus its diagnostic utility has been questioned by neurologists and neuropsychologists alike. In adults In adults, the syndrome may occur after a stroke or in association with damage to the parietal lobe. In addition to exhibiting the above symptoms, many adults also experience aphasia, which is a difficulty in expressing oneself when speaking, in understanding speech, or in reading and writing. In children There are few reports of the syndrome, sometimes called developmental Gerstmann syndrome, in children. The cause is not known. Most cases are identified when children reach school age, a time when they are challenged with writing and math exercises. Generally, children with the disorder exhibit poor handwriting and spelling skills, and difficulty with math functions, including adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. An inability to differentiate right from left and to discriminate among individual fingers may also be apparent. In addition to the four primary symptoms, many children also suffer from constructional apraxia, an inability to copy simple drawings. Frequently, there is also an impairment in reading. Children with a high level of intellectual functioning as well as those with brain damage may be affected with the disorder. Treatment There is no cure for Gerstmann syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Occupational and speech therapies may help diminish the dysgraphia and apraxia. In addition, calculators and word processors may help school children cope with the symptoms of the disorder. Prognosis In adults, many of the symptoms diminish over time. Although it has been suggested that in children symptoms may diminish over time, it appears likely that most children probably do not overcome their deficits, but learn to adjust to them. References ^ synd/2267 at Who Named It Sources gerstmanns at NINDS External links -1315307497 at GPnotebook v d e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders F · 290-319 Neurological/symptomatic Dementia Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Elopement, Sundowning, Wandering · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome Psychoactive substance alcohol drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse · opioids opioid dependency · sedative/hypnotic benzodiazepine withdrawal · cocaine cocaine dependence · general Intoxication, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Withdrawal Psychotic disorder Schizophrenia disorganized schizophrenia · Schizophreniform disorder · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder Mood affective Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety, Social phobia · OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder Ganser syndrome · Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hypochondriasis, Nosophobia, Da Costa's syndrome, Psychalgia · Neurasthenia Physiological/physical behavioral Eating disorder: Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa Sleep disorder: Dyssomnia Hypersomnia, Insomnia · Parasomnia REM behavior disorder, Night terror · Nightmare Sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis Adult personality and behavior Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Fetishism Mental retardation Mental retardation Psychological development developmental disorder Specific: speech and language expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp · Scholastic skills dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome · Motor function developmental dyspraxia Pervasive: Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome Behavioral and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech stuttering · cluttering v d e Lesions of spinal cord and brain Spinal cord sensory: Sensory ataxia - Tabes dorsalis motor: Motor neurone disease mixed: Brown-Séquard syndrome - cord syndrome Posterior, Anterior, Central/Syringomyelia - Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord B12 Anterior spinal artery syndrome Brainstem Medulla CN 8, 9, 10, 12 Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg PICA - Medial medullary syndrome ASA Pons CN 5, 6, 7, 8 Lateral pontine syndrome AICA - Millard-Gubler syndrome lateral - Medial pontine syndrome basilar - Foville's syndrome dorsal, basilar - Locked-In syndrome ventral - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - One and a half syndrome Midbrain CN 3, 4 Weber's syndrome ventral peduncle, PCA - Benedikt's syndrome ventral tegmentum, PCA - Parinaud's syndrome dorsal, tumor Cerebellum lateral Dysmetria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Intention tremor - medial Cerebellar ataxia Basal ganglia Chorea - Dystonia - Parkinson's disease Cortex ACA syndrome - MCA syndrome - PCA syndrome frontal lobe: Expressive aphasia - Abulia parietal lobe: Receptive aphasia - Hemispatial neglect - Gerstmann syndrome - Astereognosis occipital lobe: Balint's syndrome - Cortical blindness - Alexia without agraphia temporal lobe: Cortical deafness - Prosopagnosia Other Subclavian steal syndrome - Upper motor neurone lesion Clasp-knife response - Lower motor neurone lesion Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Gerstmann_syndrome Categories: Neurological disorders Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Euskara Italiano 日本語 Nederlands This page was last modified on 16 June 2008, at 01:26
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