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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Carbohydrate catabolism Redirected from Glucose catabolism Carbohydrate catabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller units. The empirical formula for carbohydrates, like that of their monomer counterparts, is CXH2YOY. Carbohydrates literally undergo combustion to retrieve the large amounts of energy in their bonds. Read more about mitochondria to find out more about the reaction and how its energy is secured in ATP. There exist different types of carbohydrates, these are polysaccharide e.g., starch, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose, monosaccharides e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose and disaccharides e.g., maltose, lactose. Glucose reacts with oxygen in the following redox reaction, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, the carbon dioxide and water is a waste product and the chemical reaction is exothermic. The breakdown of Glucose into energy in the form of molecules of ATP is therefore one of the most important biochemical pathways found in living organisms. Anaerobic respiration is the metabolic pathway where glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration is the pathway where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen. Contents 1 Glycolysis 2 Anaerobic respiration 3 Aerobic respiration 3.1 Pyruvate oxidation 3.2 The Citric acid cycle also known as the Kreb's cycle 3.3 Oxidative phosphorylation 4 See also Glycolysis Main article: Glycolysis The six-carbon Glucose molecule is broken down into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules yielding two ATP molecules and two high energy NADH molecules. Anaerobic respiration Main article: Anaerobic respiration Without oxidative phosphorylation, the NADH molecules cannot be converted to ATP. When all of the NAD+ molecules have been converted to NADH, glycolysis will stop unless the NAD+ is regenerated by fermentation. Aerobic respiration Main article: Cellular respiration Pyruvate oxidation The three carbon pyruvate molecule loses a carbon atom and is shepherded into the citric acid cycle by coenzyme A. The Citric acid cycle also known as the Kreb's cycle The acetyl group that came from pyruvate enters this biochemical cycle which releases carbon dioxide, water, and the high energy molecules ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Oxidative phosphorylation The high energy molecules NADH and FADH2 are converted into usable ATP molecules in the mitochondria by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. See also cellular respiration v d e Metabolism: carbohydrate metabolism Anabolism Gluconeogenesis - Glycogenesis - Photosynthesis Carbon fixation Carbohydrate catabolism Glycolysis - Glycogenolysis - Fermentation Ethanol, Lactic acid - Cellular respiration - Xylose metabolism Other Pentose phosphate pathway This biochemistry article is a stub. Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Carbohydrate_catabolism Categories: Metabolism | Biochemistry stubs Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages 日本語 СрпÑ?ки / Srpski This page was last modified on 17 March 2008, at 03
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So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
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