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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - GB virus C Redirected from Hepatitis G GB virus C GBV-C is a species of virus in the Flaviviridae family which has not yet been assigned to a genus, is known to infect humans, but is not known to cause human disease. There have been reports that HIV patients coinfected with GBV-C can survive longer than those without GBV-C, but the patients may be different in other ways. There is active research on how the immune system is affected in patients coinfected with this virus is going on.1 2 Contents 1 History 2 Taxonomy 3 Human infection 4 References 5 External links History Hepatitis G virus and GB virus C GBV-C are RNA viruses that were independently identified in 1995, and were subsequently found to be two isolates of the same virus.34 Although GBV-C was initially thought to be associated with chronic hepatitis, extensive investigation failed to identify any association between this virus and any clinical illness. Taxonomy GBV-C is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is phylogenetically related to hepatitis C virus but appears to replicate primarily in lymphocytes, and poorly if at all in hepatocytes.56 GBV-A and GBV-B are probably Tamarin viruses, while GBV-C infects humans.7 Human infection The majority of immune-competent individuals appear to clear GBV-C viraemia within the first few years following infection and although the time interval between GBV-C infection and clearance of viraemia detection of GBV-C RNA in plasma is not known, infection may persist for decades in some individuals. Approximately 2% of healthy US blood donors are viraemic with GBV-C, and up to 13% of blood donors have antibodies to E2 protein, indicating prior infection. Parenteral, sexual and vertical transmission of GBV-C have all been documented, and because of shared modes of transmission, individuals infected with HIV are commonly co-infected with GBV-C. Among people with HIV infection, the prevalence of GBV-C viraemia ranges from 14 to 43%.8 Some studies have suggested that co-infection with GBV-C will actually slow the progression of HIV disease.9 References ^ Mosam A, Sathar MA, Dawood H, Cassol E, Esterhuizen TM, Coovadia HM 2007. Effect of GB virus C co-infection on response to generic HAART in African patients with HIV-1 clade C infection. AIDS 21 10: 1377-1379. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3281532cb8. PMID 17545721. ^ Jung S, Eichenmüller M, Donhauser N, et al 2007. HIV entry inhibition by the envelope 2 glycoprotein of GB virus C. AIDS 21 5: 645-7. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e32803277c7. PMID 17314528. ^ Hepatitis Central ^ Birkenmeyer LG, Desai SM, Muerhoff AS, Leary TP, Simons JN, Montes CC, Mushahwar IK 1998. Isolation of a GB virus-related genome from a chimpanzee. J. Med. Virol. 56 1: 44-51. PMID 9700632. ^ Leary TP, Muerhoff AS, Simons JN, Pilot-Matias TJ, Erker JC, Chalmers ML, Schlauder GG, Dawson GJ, Desai SM, Mushahwar IK 1996. Sequence and genomic organization of GBV-C: a novel member of the flaviviridae associated with human non-A-E hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 48 1: 60-7. doi:10.1002/SICI1096-907119960148:160::AID-JMV103.0.CO;2-A. PMID 8825712. ^ Thurner C, Witwer C, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF May 2004. Conserved RNA secondary structures in Flaviviridae genomes. J. Gen. Virol. 85 Pt 5: 1113-24. PMID 15105528. ^ Simons JN, Desai SM, Schultz DE, Lemon SM, Mushahwar IK 1996. Translation initiation in GB viruses A and C: evidence for internal ribosome entry and implications for genome organization. J. Virol. 70 9: 6126-35. PMID 8709237. ^ George SL, Varmaz D, Stapleton JT 2006. GB virus C replicates in primary T and B lymphocytes. J. Infect. Dis. 193 3: 451-4. doi:10.1086/499435. PMID 16388494. ^ Zhang W, Chaloner K, Tillmann HL, Williams CF, Stapleton JT 2006. Effect of early and late GB virus C viraemia on survival of HIV-infected individuals: a meta-analysis. HIV Med. 7 3: 173-80. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00366.x. PMID 16494631. External links MeSH GBV-C v d e Infectious diseases - Virus diseases A80-B34, 042-079 CNS Encephalitis/ meningitis DNA virus: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy RNA virus: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis - Tick-borne meningoencephalitis unknown: Encephalitis lethargica Eye DNA virus: Cytomegalovirus retinitis Other RNA virus: Rabies - Myelitis: Poliomyelitis Post-polio syndrome - Tropical spastic paraparesis Skin and mucous membrane lesions DNA virus, Herpesviridae: Herpes simplex - Chickenpox - Herpes zoster - KSHV DNA virus, other: Poxviridae Smallpox, Monkeypox, Cowpox, Vaccinia, Molluscum contagiosum - exanthem Roseola, Fifth disease - HPV Wart RNA virus: exanthem Measles, Rubella - picornavirus Hand, foot and mouth disease, Foot-and-mouth disease Digestive system Hepatitis DNA virus: B RNA virus: A - D - C - E - G Gastroenteritis DNA virus: Adenovirus RNA virus: Rotavirus - Norovirus - Astrovirus - Coronavirus Respiratory system RNA virus, IV: Acute viral nasopharyngitis - Severe acute respiratory syndrome RNA virus, V: Influenza/Avian influenza - Human parainfluenza viruses - RSV - hMPV Other/varied: Infectious mononucleosis - Viral pneumonia Sexually transmitted DNA virus: HPV Genital warts, Cervical cancer RNA virus, retrovirus: HIV AIDS, AIDS dementia complex - Adult T-cell leukemia Oncovirus DNA virus: Hepatitis B - HPV - Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus RNA virus: Hepatitis C - HTLV Systemic DNA virus: Cytomegalovirus RNA virus: Mumps - Bornholm disease - Coxsackie B Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/GB_virus_C Categories: Flaviviruses | Hepatitis Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Català Deutsch Español Français Italiano Bahasa Melayu 日本語 Polski 中文 This page was last modified on 27 July 2008, at 12:43
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