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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Hydrolase In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase: A-B + H2O → A-OH + B-H Nomenclature Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as substrate hydrolase. However, common names are typically in the form substratease. For example, a nuclease is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids. Classification Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon: EC 3.1: ester bonds esterases: nucleases, phosphodiesterases, lipase, phosphatase EC 3.2: sugars glycosylases/DNA glycosylases, glycoside hydrolase EC 3.3: ether bonds EC 3.4: peptide bonds Proteases/peptidases EC 3.5: carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds EC 3.6: acid anhydrides acid anhydride hydrolases, including helicases and GTPase EC 3.7: carbon-carbon bonds EC 3.8: halide bonds EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds EC 3.10: sulfur-nitrogen bonds EC 3.11: carbon-phosphorus bonds EC 3.12: sulfur-sulfur bonds EC 3.13: carbon-sulfur bonds References EC 3 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London, only covers 3.1-3.4 More detailed taxonomy v d e Proteins: enzymes Topics Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes Types EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list v d e Hydrolase: esterases EC 3.1 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases Cholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase, Butyrylcholinesterase - Pectinesterase - 6-phosphogluconolactonase - PAF acetylhydrolase Lipase Gastric/Lingual, Pancreatic, Lysosomal, Hormone-sensitive, Endothelial, Hepatic, Lipoprotein, Monoacylglycerol, Diacylglycerol Phospholipase A1, A2, B 3.1.2: Thioesterase Palmitoyl thioesterase - Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 3.1.3: Phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase - Acid phosphatase Prostatic/Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases - Nucleotidase - Glucose 6-phosphatase - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase - Calcineurin - Phosphoprotein phosphatase PP2A - OCRL - Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase - Protein tyrosine phosphatase - PTEN 3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase Autotaxin - Phospholipase C, D - Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase - PDE1 - PDE2 - PDE3 - PDE5 3.1.6: Sulfatase Arylsulfatase B - Steroid sulfatase - Galactosamine-6 sulfatase - Arylsulfatase A - Iduronate-2-sulfatase - N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase other Nuclease v d e Hydrolase: sugar hydrolases EC 3.2 3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolases Amylase Alpha-Amylase - Chitinase - Lysozyme - Neuraminidase - Galactosidases Alpha, Beta - alpha-Mannosidase - Glucuronidase - Hyaluronidase - Pullulanase - Glucocerebrosidase - Galactosylceramidase - Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase - Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase - Fucosidase - Hexosaminidase HEXA, HEXB - Iduronidase Disaccharidase Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase, Maltase, Trehalase, Lactase Glucosidases Cellulase, Alpha-glucosidase, Beta-glucosidase, Debranching enzyme 3.2.2: Hydrolysing N-Glycosyl compounds DNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase v d e Ether bond hydrolases EC 3.3 Adenosylhomocysteinase - Epoxide hydrolase - Leukotriene A4 hydrolase v d e Hydrolase: proteases EC 3.4 Exopeptidase 3.4.11-19 Angiotensin-converting enzyme - Dipeptidase - Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 - DD-transpeptidase Metalloexopeptidases: Aminopeptidase Alanine, Cystinyl, Leucyl, Glutamyl - Carboxypeptidase A, B, C, E, Glutamate II Endopeptidase 3.4.21-24 Serine proteases - Cysteine protease - Aspartic acid protease - Metalloendopeptidases Cathepsin 3.4.18,21,22,23 A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - K - L1/L2 - S - W - Z v d e Carbon-nitrogen non-peptide hydrolases EC 3.5 3.5.1 - Amidohydrolases Asparaginase - Glutaminase - Urease - Biotinidase - Aspartoacylase - Ceramidase -Aspartylglucosaminidase - Fatty acid amide hydrolase - Histone deacetylase Sirtuin 3.5.2 Barbiturase - Beta-lactamase 3.5.3 Arginase - Agmatinase 3.5.4 - Aminohydrolases Guanine deaminase - Adenosine deaminase - AMP deaminase - Inosine monophosphate synthase - DCMP deaminase - GTP cyclohydrolase I Other Nitrilase - Thiaminase II v d e Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases EC 3.6 3.6.1 Pyrophosphatase Inorganic, Thiamine - Apyrase - Thiamine triphosphatase 3.6.3-4 ATPase 3.6.5 GTPase v d e Carbon-carbon hydrolases EC 3.7 Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase - Kynureninase Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Hydrolase Categories: Hydrolases Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Español Français Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Occitan Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий SlovenÄ?ina Svenska Türkçe ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 12 August 2008, at 21:29
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