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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Lyase In biochemistry, a lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation, often forming a new double bond or a new ring structure. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a lyase: ATP → cAMP + PPi Lyases differ from other enzymes in that they only require one substrate for the reaction in one direction, but two substrates for the reverse reaction. Contents 1 Nomenclature 2 Classification 3 See also 4 References Nomenclature Systematic names are formed as substrate group lysase. Common names include decarboxylase, dehydratase, aldolase, etc. When the reverse reaction is more important, synthase may be used in the name. Classification Lysases are classified as EC 4 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Lyases can be further classified into seven subclasses: EC 4.1 includes lyases that cleave carbon-carbon bonds, such as decarboxylases EC 4.1.1, aldehyde lyases EC 4.1.2, oxo acid lyasesEC 4.1.3 and others EC 4.1.99 EC 4.2 includes lyases that cleave carbon-oxygen bonds, such as dehydratases EC 4.3 includes lyases that cleave carbon-nitrogen bonds EC 4.4 includes lyases that cleave carbon-sulfur bonds EC 4.5 includes lyases that cleave carbon-halide bonds EC 4.6 includes lyases that cleave phosphorus-oxygen bonds, such as adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase EC 4.99 includes other lyases, such as ferrochelatase See also List of EC numbers of enzymes belonging to category EC 4 References EC 4 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London v d e Proteins: enzymes Topics Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes Types EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list v d e Carbon-carbon lyases EC 4.1 4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases Pyruvate decarboxylase -Oxaloacetate decarboxylase - Acetoacetate decarboxylase - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase - Glutamate decarboxylase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Lysine decarboxylase - Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase - Histidine decarboxylase - Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase - Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase - Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase - Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase - RuBisCO - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase - Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases Aldolase A/Aldolase B - 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase - Threonine aldolase 4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase v d e Carbon-oxygen lyases EC 4.2 primarily dehydratases Carbonic anhydrase - Fumarase - Aconitase - Enolase Alpha, Enolase 2 - Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase - Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase - Tryptophan synthase - Cystathionine beta synthase - Porphobilinogen synthase - 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase - Urocanate hydratase - Uroporphyrinogen III synthase - Nitrile hydratase v d e Carbon-nitrogen lyases EC 4.3 4.3.1 - ammonia-lyases Histidine ammonia-lyase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase - Serine dehydratase 4.3.2 - amidine-lyases Argininosuccinate lyase - Adenylosuccinate lyase v d e Carbon-sulfur lyases EC 4.4 Cystathionine gamma-lyase - Cystathionine-beta-lyase - Leukotriene C4 synthase v d e Carbon-halide lyases EC 4.5 Dichloromethane dehalogenase - Halohydrin dehalogenase v d e Phosphorus-oxygen lyases EC 4.6 Adenylate cyclase - Guanylate cyclase 2D, c Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Lyase Categories: Lyases Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية БългарÑ?ки ÄŒesky Deutsch Français Italiano Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 4 August 2008, at 15:05
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