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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Lymphoma Lymphoma Classification and external resources Gastric MALT lymphoma ICD-10 C81.-C96. ICD-O: 9590-9999 MeSH D008223 This article is about lymphoma in humans. For the disease in dogs, cats, and ferrets, see lymphoma in animals. Lymphoma is a type of solid neoplasm that originates in lymphocytes a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system. They often originate in lymph nodes, presenting as an enlargement of the node a tumor. Lymphomas are closely related to lymphoid leukemias, which also originate in lymphocytes but do not form tumors.1 There are many types of lymphomas, and in turn, lymphomas are a part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. Thomas Hodgkin published in 1832 the first description of lymphoma, specifically of the form named after him, Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since, many other forms of lymphoma have been described and many classifications proposed. The 1982 Working formulation classification became very popular. It introduced the category Non-Hodgkin lymphoma NHL, itself divided into 16 different diseases. However, since these different lymphomas have little in common with each other, the NHL label is of limited usefulness for doctors or patients and is slowly being abandoned. The latest classification by the WHO 2001 lists 43 different forms of lymphoma divided in four broad groups. Some forms of Lymphoma are indolent e.g. Small lymphocytic lymphoma, compatible with a long life even without treatment, whereas other forms are aggressive e.g. Burkitt's lymphoma, causing rapid deterioration and death. The prognosis therefore depends on the correct classification of the disease, established by a pathologist after examination of a biopsy. Chemotherapy is prescribed by an oncologist, radiation therapy by a radiation oncologist. Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B, T or NK cell lineage. True Histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas.2 Contents 1 Prevalence 2 Classification 2.1 REAL classification 2.2 WHO classification 2.2.1 Mature B cell neoplasms 2.2.2 Mature T cell and natural killer NK cell neoplasms 2.2.3 Hodgkin lymphoma 2.2.4 Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders 2.3 Working formulation and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2.4 Other classification systems 3 Diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment 4 See also 5 References 6 External links 6.1 Information 6.2 Charities 6.3 Statistics Prevalence According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States. Because the whole system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system, such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma. Classification REAL classification In the 1990s, the Revised European-American Lymphoma REAL Classification attempted to apply immunophenotypic and genetic features in identifying distinct clinicopathologic NHL entities. 3 WHO classification The WHO Classification, published in 20012, is the latest classification of lymphoma and is based on the Revised European-American Lymphoma classification REAL. This system attempts to group lymphomas by cell type, i.e., the normal cell type that most resembles the tumor. There are three large groups: the B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell tumors. Other less common groups, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, are also recognized. ICD-O codes are provided where available. Mature B cell neoplasms DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DLBCL showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are underexpressed in lymphoma cells as compared to normal cells, whereas red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells. DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma DLBCL showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are underexpressed in lymphoma cells as compared to normal cells, whereas red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small lymphocytic lymphoma B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma such as Waldenström macroglobulinemia Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Plasma cell neoplasms: Plasma cell myeloma Plasmacytoma Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases Heavy chain diseases Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, also called MALT lymphoma Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma NMZL Follicular lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Mediastinal thymic large B cell lymphoma Intravascular large B cell lymphoma Primary effusion lymphoma Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia Mature T cell and natural killer NK cell neoplasms T cell prolymphocytic leukemia T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia Aggressive NK cell leukemia Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type Enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma Blastic NK cell lymphoma Mycosis fungoides / Sezary syndrome Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma Lymphomatoid papulosis Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma Peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified Anaplastic large cell lymphoma Hodgkin lymphoma Classical Hodgkin lymphomas: Nodular sclerosis Mixed cellularity Lymphocyte-rich Lymphocyte depleted or not depleted Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders Associated with a primary immune disorder Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Post-transplant Associated with Methotrexate therapy Working formulation and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma The 1982 Working Formulation is a classification of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. It has since been replaced by other lymphoma classifications, the latest published by the WHO in 2001, but is still used by cancer agencies for compilation of lymphoma statistics. Other classification systems ICD-O codes 9590-9999, details at 1 archive link, was dead ICD-10 codes C81-C96, details at 2 Diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatment See the article of the corresponding form of lymphoma. See also Hodgkin's lymphoma Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Burkitt's lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma Gastric lymphoma Cutaneous T Cell lymphoma Mycosis fungoides Anaplastic large cell lymphoma MALT lymphoma Primary central nervous system lymphoma BCP-1 cells Ann Arbor staging International Prognostic Index References ^ Parham, Peter 2005. The immune system. New York: Garland Science, 414. ISBN 0-8153-4093-1. ^ a b Pathology and Genetics of Haemo World Health Organization Classification of Tumours S.. Oxford Univ Pr. ISBN 92-832-2411-6. ^ www.emedicine.com on Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin External links The external links in this article may not follow 's content policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links. Information MedlinePlus: Lymphoma ICD10 classification of lymphoma About Lymphoma: A guide to lymphoma for patients Lymphomas in Children and Adolescents From the Centre for Cancer and Blood Disorders at Sydney Children's Hospital Summary at NIH/National Cancer Institute Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Symptoms Support Information Charities The Leukemia Lymphoma Society Lymphoma Coalition - an international coalition of lymphoma organisations. Lymphoma Research Foundation Statistics US Lymphoma Fact Sheet from the American Cancer Society UK Hodgkin Lymphoma Statistics UK Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Statistics About Lymphomas - Patients Against Lymphoma Timeline of discovery and treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma National Cancer Institute May 2007. Risk of Lymphoma Increases with Hepatitis C Virus Infection. v d e Pathology: hematology, myeloid hematologic disease primarily D50-D77, 280-289 RBCs/ hemoglobinopathy + Polycythemia - Macrocytosis - Anemia Nutritional Iron deficiency anemia Plummer-Vinson syndrome, Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia Hemolytic Herary enzyme: G6PD Deficiency - Pyruvate kinase deficiency - Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency hemoglobin: Thalassemia - Sickle-cell disease/trait membrane: Herary spherocytosis - Herary elliptocytosis - Herary stomatocytosis Acquired Autoimmune Warm, Cold, HUS, MAHA, PNH, PCH, Myelophthisic Aplastic Acquired PRCA, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Fanconi anemia, Sideroblastic anemia Blood tests Normocytic - Microcytic - Macrocytic - Normochromic - Hypochromic Other Methemoglobinemia Coagulation/platelets/ coagulopathy/ bleeding diathesis + Hypercoagulability primary: Antithrombin III deficiency - Protein C deficiency/Activated protein C resistance/Protein S deficiency/Factor V Leiden - Hyperprothrombinemia acquired: DIC Congenital afibrinogenemia, Purpura fulminans - autoimmune Antiphospholipid Other Essential thrombocytosis - clotting factor: Hemophilia A/VIII, B/IX, C/XI Von Willebrand disease Hypoprothrombinemia/II - XIII platelet function: Bernard-Soulier syndrome - Glanzmann's thrombasthenia - Gray platelet syndrome - May Hegglin anomaly - Pelger-Huet anomaly Purpura: Henoch-Schönlein, ITP Evans syndrome, TTP Thrombocytopenia Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia Monocytes/ macrophages + Histiocytosis WHO-I Langerhans cell histiocytosis WHO-II/non-Langerhans-cell Juvenile xanthogranuloma, Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis WHO-III/malignant Acute monocytic leukemia, Malignant histiocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease Other Chronic granulomatous disease -cytosis: Monocytosis - -penia: Monocytopenia Granulocytes + -cytosis: granulocytosis Neutrophilia, Eosinophilia, Basophilia - -penia: Granulocytopenia/agranulocytosis Neutropenia, Kostmann syndrome See also hematological malignancy and immune disorders v d e Hematological malignancy/leukemia histology ICD-O 9590-9989, C81-C96, 200-208 Lymphoid/ Lymphoproliferative Lymphomas/ Lymphoid leukemias 9590-9739, 9800-9839 B cell lymphoma, leukemia most CD19, CD20 TdT+ ALL Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma CD5+ SLL/CLL - mantle zone Mantle cell CD22+ Prolymphocytic - Hairy cell leukemia CD79a+ marginal zone Splenic marginal zone, MALT, Nodal marginal zone germinal center Follicular, Burkitt's, Diffuse large Other B Primary effusion - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis Plasma cells Plasmacytoma - Multiple myeloma - Waldenström macroglobulinemia T cell/NK cell lymphoma, leukemia most CD3, CD4, CD8 TdT+ ALL Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma TdT- Cutaneous - Mycosis fungoides/Sézary's disease, Angioimmunoblastic - Anaplastic large cell - Hepatosplenic - Lymphomatoid papulosis Adult - Large granular lymphocyte - Prolymphocytic - Acute lymphoblastic Aggressive NK-cell leukemia Other Hodgkin's lymphoma usually B cell - Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder - Acute biphenotypic leukaemia Myeloid Myeloid leukemias 9840-9939 AML: Acute myeloblastic leukemia M1, M2 - APL/M3 - monocyte M4, AMoL/M5 - Erythroleukemia/M6 - AMKL/M7 - megakaryoblast - granulocyte Acute basophilic, Acute eosinophilic, Mast cell leukemia CML: CMoL, Philadelphia chromosome - Myeloid sarcoma Myelodysplastic- myeloproliferative 9945-9946 Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia - Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia Myeloproliferative 9950-9964 Polycythemia vera - Essential thrombocytosis - Myelofibrosis - granulocyte CNL, Chronic eosinophilic leukemia/Hypereosinophilic syndrome Myelodysplastic 9980-9989 Sideroblastic anemia - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Mast cell tumor 9740-9749 Mast-cell sarcoma - Malignant mastocytosis Malignant histiocytosis 9750-9759 Langerhans cell histiocytosis See also hematology and immune disorders Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Lymphoma Categories: Hematology | Blood disorders | Types of cancer | Deaths from lymphomaHidden category: external links cleanup Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages العربية বাংলা БългарÑ?ки Català Deutsch Español Euskara Bahasa Indonesia Interlingua Italiano עברית Lietuvių Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ Polski Português РуÑ?Ñ?кий СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Suomi Svenska ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 20 August 2008, at 14:26
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