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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Litre Redirected from Microliter The litre or liter see spelling differences is a unit of volume. There are two official symbols: the Latin letter L in lower l and upper case L. The litre appears in several versions of the metric system; although not an SI unit, it is accepted for use with the SI.1 The international unit of volume is the cubic metre m3. One litre is equal to 0.001 cubic metre and is denoted as 1 cubic decimetre dm3. The word litre is derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek via Latin. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The spelling of the word recommended by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is litre.1 However, many scholars, manufacturers and traders in USA prefer using the American English spelling liter, which is officially endorsed by the United States.2 Contents 1 Definition 2 SI prefixes applied to the litre 3 Non-metric conversions 3.1 Rough conversions 4 Explanation 5 Symbol 6 History 7 Colloquial and practical usage 8 Use for non-liquid volumes 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References Definition A litre is defined as a special name for a cubic decimetre 1 L = 1 dm3. Hence 1 L ≡ 0.001 m3 exactly. So 1000 L = 1 m3 SI prefixes applied to the litre The litre may be used with any SI prefix. The most commonly used is the millilitre, defined as one-thousandth of a litre one cubic centimetre. It is a commonly used measurement, especially in medicine and cooking. Other units may be found in the table below, the more often used terms are in bold. Multiple Name Symbols Equivalent volume Multiple Name Symbols Equivalent volume 100 L litre l L dm3 cubic decimetre 101 L decalitre dal daL 10-1 L decilitre dl dL 102 L hectolitre hl hL 10-2 L centilitre cl cL 103 L kilolitre kl kL m3 cubic metre 10-3 L millilitre ml mL cm3 cubic centimetre cc 106 L megalitre Ml ML dam3 cubic decametre 10-6 L microlitre µl µL mm3 cubic millimetre 109 L gigalitre Gl GL hm3 cubic hectometre 10-9 L nanolitre nl nL 106 µm3 1 million cubic micrometres 1012 L teralitre Tl TL km3 cubic kilometre 10-12 L picolitre pl pL 103 µm3 1 thousand cubic micrometres 1015 L petalitre Pl PL 103 km3 1 thousand cubic kilometres 10-15 L femtolitre fl fL µm3 cubic micrometre 1018 L exalitre El EL 106 km3 1 million cubic kilometres 10-18 L attolitre al aL 106 nm3 1 million cubic nanometres 1021 L zettalitre Zl ZL Mm3 cubic megametre 10-21 L zeptolitre zl zL 103 nm3 1 thousand cubic nanometres 1024 L yottalitre Yl YL 103 Mm3 1 thousand cubic megametres 10-24 L yoctolitre yl yL nm3 cubic nanometre Non-metric conversions Litre expressed in non-metric unit Non-metric unit expressed in litre 1 L ≈ 0.87987699 Imperial quart 1 Imperial quart ≡ 1.1365225 litre 1 L ≈ 1.056688 US fluid quart 1 US fluid quart ≡ 0.946352946 litre 1 L ≈ 1.75975326 Imperial pint 1 Imperial pint ≡ 0.56826125 litre 1 L ≈ 2.11337641 US fluid pints 1 US fluid pint ≡ 0.473176473 litre 1 L ≈ 0.2641720523 US liquid gallon 1 US liquid gallon ≡ 3.785411784 litres 1 L ≈ 0.21997 Imperial gallon 1 Imperial gallon ≡ 4.54609 litres 1 L ≈ 0.0353146667 cubic foot 1 cubic foot ≡ 28.316846592 litres 1 L ≈ 61.0237441 cubic inches 1 cubic inch ≡ 0.01638706 litres See also Imperial units and US customary units Rough conversions One litre is slightly more than one U.S. liquid quart and slightly less than one Imperial quart or the less common U.S. dry quart. A measured cup is roughly 250 mL. A litre is the volume of a cube with sides of 10 cm, which is slightly less than a cube of sides 4 inches or one-third of a foot. Twenty-seven cubes one-third of a foot on each side would fit in one cubic foot, which is within 5% of the actual value of exactly 28.316846592 litres. A nice aide-memoire is: A litre of water's a pint and three quarters. Imperial pints, that is Explanation Litres are most commonly used for items such as fluids and berries which are measured by the capacity or size of their container, whereas cubic metres and derived units are most commonly used for items measured either by their dimensions or their displacements. The litre is often also used in some calculated measurements, such as density kg/L, allowing an easy comparison with the density of water. One litre of water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram when measured at its maximal density, which occurs at about 4 degrees celsius. Similarly: 1 millilitre of water has about 1 g of mass; 1,000 litres of water has about 1,000 kg of mass. This relationship is because the gram was originally defined as the mass of 1 mL of water. However, this definition was abandoned in 1799 because the density of water changes with temperature and, very slightly, pressure. Symbol Originally, the only symbol for the litre was l lowercase letter L, following the SI convention that only those unit symbols that abbreviate the name of a person start with a capital letter. In many English-speaking countries, the most common shape of a handwritten Arabic digit 1 is just a vertical stroke; that is, it lacks the upstroke added in many other cultures. Therefore, the digit 1 may easily be confused with the letter l. On some typewriters, particularly older ones, the unshifted L key had to be used to type the numeral 1. Further, even in some computer typefaces, the two characters are barely distinguishable. This caused some concern, especially in the medical community. As a result, L uppercase letter L was adopted as an alternative symbol for litre in 1979. The United States National Institute of Standards and Technology now recommends the use of the uppercase letter L, a practice that is also widely followed in Canada and Australia. In these countries, the symbol L is also used with prefixes, as in mL and µL, instead of the traditional ml and µl used in Europe. In the UK and Ireland as well as the rest of Europe of which both are part, lowercase l is used with prefixes, though whole litres are often written in full so, 750 ml on a wine bottle, but often 1 litre on a juice carton. Prior to 1979, the symbol â„“ script small l, U+2113, came into common use in some countries; for example, it was recommended by South African Bureau of Standards publication M33 and Canada in the 1970s. This symbol can still be encountered occasionally in some English-speaking countries, and its use is ubiquitous in Japan and South Korea. Fonts covering the CJK characters usually include not only the script small l but also four precomposed characters: ㎕, ㎖, ㎗, and ㎘ U+3395 to U+3398 for the microlitre, millilitre, decilitre, and kilolitre. Nevertheless, it is no longer used in most countries and no longer officially recognised by the BIPM or the International Organization for Standardization due to confusion and since, in any case, it is often not available in currently-used documentation systems. History In 1795, the litre was introduced in France as one of the new Republican Measures, and defined as one cubic decimetre. In 1879, the CIPM adopted the definition of the litre, and the symbol l lowercase letter L. In 1901, at the 3rd CGPM conference, the litre was redefined as the space occupied by 1 kg of pure water at the temperature of its maximum density 3.98 °C under a pressure of 1 atm. This made the litre equal to about 1.000 028 dm3 earlier reference works usually put it at 1.000 027 dm3. In 1964, at the 12th CGPM conference, the original definition was reverted to, and thus the litre was once again defined in exact relation to the metre, as another name for the cubic decimetre, that is, exactly 1 dm3.3 In 1979, at the 16th CGPM conference, the alternative symbol L uppercase letter L was adopted. It also expressed a preference that in the future only one of these two symbols should be retained, but in 1990 said it was still too early to do so.4 Colloquial and practical usage In spoken English, the abbreviation mL for millilitre is often pronounced as mil, which is homophonous with the colloquial term mil, which is intended to mean one thousandth of a metre. This generally does not create confusion, because the context is usually sufficient - one being a volume, the other a linear measurement. The colloquial use of mil for millimetre for an ambiguous topic as in 5 mils of rain fell since 9am may, however, be confusing. And in the United States a term of the same spelling and pronunciation means a thousandth of an inch. The abbreviation cc for cubic centimetre, equal to a millilitre or mL is a unit of the cgs system, that preceded the MKS system, that later evolved into the SI system. The abbreviation cc is still commonly used in many fields including for example sizing for motorcycle and related sports for combustion engine displacement. Car engines, however, have their displacement measured in liters. In European countries where the metric system was established well before the adoption of the SI standard, there is still carry-over of usage from the precursor cgs and MKS systems. In the SI system, use of prefixes for multiples of 1,000 is preferred and all other multiples discouraged. However, in countries where these other multiples were already established, their use remains common. In particular, use of the centi 10-2, deci 10-1, deca 10+1, and hecto 10+2 prefixes are still common. For example, in many European countries, the hectolitre is the typical unit for production and export volumes of beverages milk, beer, soft drinks, etc and for measuring the size of the catch and quotas for fishing boats; decilitres are found in cookbooks; centilitres indicate the capacity of drinking glasses and of small bottles. In colloquial Dutch in Belgium, a 'vijfentwintiger' and a 'drieëndertiger' literally 'twenty-fiver' and 'thirty-threer' are the common beer glasses, the corresponding bottles mention 25 cL or 33 cL. Bottles may also be 75 cL or half size at 37.5 cL for 'artisanal' brews or 70 cL for wines or spirits. Cans come in 25 cL, 33 cL and 50 cL aka 0.5 L. Family size bottles as for soft drinks or drinking water use the litre 0.5 L, 1 L, 1.5 L, 2 L, and so do beer barrels 50 L, or the half sized 25 L. This unit is most common for all other household size containers of liquids, from thermocans, by buckets, to bath tubs; as well as for fuel tanks and consumption for heating or by vehicles. In countries where the metric system was adopted as the official measuring system after the SI standard was established, common usage more closely follow contemporary SI conventions. For example, in Canada where the metric system is now in wide-spread use, consumer beverages are labelled almost exclusively using litres and millilitres. Hectolitres sometimes appear in industry, but centilitres and decilitres are rarely, if ever, used. Larger volumes are usually given in cubic metres equivalent to 1 kL, or thousands or millions of cubic metres. The situation is similar in Australia, although kilolitres, megalitres and gigalitres are commonly used for measuring water consumption, reservoir capacities and river flows. For larger volumes of fluids, such as annual consumption of tap water, lorry truck tanks, or swimming pools, the cubic metre is the general unit, as it is generally for all volumes of a non-liquid nature. Use for non-liquid volumes Although traditionally used only for the measurement of liquids, and containers for liquids, there are some fields where it has become a common measurement for volumes: Car boot/trunk size 12 Climbing packs 34 Computer cases 56 The litre is a particularly convenient, and easily visualised unit for this range of volumes - a backpack could be as small as 2 litres, and a refrigerator as large as 300 litres - expressed as cubic metres these would be 0.002 and 0.3 or as cubic centimetres they would be 2,000 and 300,000. Microwave ovens 78 Refrigerators910 Sleeping bags - packed volume 1112 See also Claude Émile Jean-Baptiste Litre Cubic metre Gallon Kilogram Pint Notes ^ a b Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006, p. 124. ^ The Metric Conversion Act of 1975 gives the Secretary of Commerce of the US the responsibility of interpreting or modifying the SI for use in the US. The Secretary of Commerce delegated this authority to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Turner, 2008. In 2008, the NIST published the US version Taylor and Thompson, 2008a of the English text of the eighth ion of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures BIPM publication Le Système International d' Unités SI BIPM, 2006. In the NIST publication, the spellings meter, liter, and deka are used rather than metre, litre, and deca as in the original BIPM English text Taylor and Thompson, 2008a, p. iii. The Director of the NIST officially recognized this publication, together with Taylor and Thompson 2008b, as the legal interpretation of the SI for the United States Turner, 2008. ^ NIST, 2000 ^ Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, 2006 References Bureau International des Poids et Mesures 2006. The International System of Units SI. Retrieved on 2008-08-18. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 2006. The International System of Units SI on-line browser: Table 6 Non-SI units accepted for use with the International System. Retrieved 24 August 2008 National Institute of Standards and Technology 11 November 2000. Appendix C: General tables of units of measurement. NIST Handbook 44: Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved on 2006-10-09. National Institute of Standards and Technology. December 2003. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty: International System of Units SI web site: Note on SI units. Retrieved 24 August 2008. Recommending uppercase letter L. Retrieved 24 August 2008. Taylor, B.N. and Thompson, A. Eds.. 2008a. The International System of Units SI. United States version of the English text of the eighth ion 2006 of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures publication Le Système International d' Unités SI Special Publication 330. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 18 August 2008. Taylor, B.N. and Thompson, A. 2008b. Guide for the Use of the Internatioal System of Units Special Publication 811. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved 23 August 2008. Turner, J. Deputy Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 16 May 2008.Interpretation of the International System of Units the Metric System of Measurement for the United States. Federal Register Vol. 73, No. 96, p. 28432-3. UK National Physical Laboratory. Internationally recognised non SI units Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Litre Categories: Units of volume | Non-SI metric units Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Alemannisch العربية Asturianu Bân-lâm-gú БеларуÑ?каÑ? БеларуÑ?каÑ? тарашкевіца Bosanski Brezhoneg БългарÑ?ки Català Česky Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara Ù?ارسی Français 贛語 Galego í•œêµì–´ हिनà¥?दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Ã?slenska Italiano עברית Kiswahili Latina LatvieÅ¡u Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar МакедонÑ?ки മലയാളം Bahasa Melayu Монгол Nederlands 日本語 ‪Norsk bokmÃ¥l‬ ‪Norsk nynorsk‬ Polski Português Română РуÑ?Ñ?кий Scots Sicilianu Simple English SlovenÄ?ina SlovenÅ¡Ä?ina СрпÑ?ки / Srpski Srpskohrvatski / СрпÑ?кохрватÑ?ки Basa Sunda Suomi Svenska தமிழà¯? తెలà±?à°—à±? ไทย Tiếng Việt Türkçe УкраїнÑ?ька 粵語 ŽemaitÄ—Å¡ka ä¸æ–‡ This page was last modified on 25 August 2008, at 09:1
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