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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Microsporidiosis Microsporidiosis Classification and external resources ICD-10 B60.8 ICD-9 136.8 DiseasesDB 31870 eMedicine med/1469 MeSH D016881 Microspridiosis is an opportunistic intestinal infection that causes diarrhea and wasting in immunocompromised individuals HIV, for example. It results from different species of microsporidia, a group of protozoal parasites.1 Recently, there has been evidence that the causative agent is more fungal than protozoal,2 and some sources classify microsporidiosis as a mycosis.3 In HIV infected individuals, microsporidiosis generally occurs when CD4+ T cell counts fall below 100. Contents 1 Causative agents 2 Life cycle 3 References 4 External links Causative agents At least 14 microsporidian species have been recognized as human pathogens, spread across eight genera: Brachiola B. algerae, B. connori, B. vesicularum Encephalitozoon E. cuniculi, E. hellem, E. intestinalis Enterocytozoon E. bieneusi Microsporidium M. ceylonensis, M. africanum Nosema N. ocularum Pleistophora sp. Trachipleistophora T. hominis, T. anthropophthera Vittaforma V. corneae. Life cycle Life cycle of the various organisms that cause microsporidiosis. Life cycle of the various organisms that cause microsporidiosis. Coded to image at right. The infective form of microsporidia is the resistant spore and it can survive for an exteneded period of time in the environment. The spore extrudes its polar tubule and infects the host cell. The spore injects the infective sporoplasm into the eukaryotic host cell through the polar tubule. Inside the cell, the sporoplasm undergoes extensive multiplication either by merogony binary fission or schizogony multiple fission. This development can occur either in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm E. bieneusi or inside a vacuole called a parasitophorous vacuole E. intestinalis. Either free in the cytoplasm or inside a parasitophorous vacuole, microsporidia develop by sporogony to mature spores. During sporogony, a thick wall is formed around the spore, which provides resistance to adverse environmental conditions. When the spores increase in number and completely fill the host cell cytoplasm, the cell membrane is disrupted and releases the spores to the surroundings. These free mature spores can infect new cells thus continuing the cycle. References ^ Microsporidiosis: Parasitic Infections: Merck Manual Home ion. ^ Keeling PJ, Luker MA, Palmer JD January 2000. Evidence from beta-tubulin phylogeny that microsporidia evolved from within the fungi. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17 1: 23-31. PMID 10666703. ^ MeSH Microsporidiosis External links CDC's microsporidiosis info page. v d e Infectious diseases - Parasitic disease: protozoan infection A06-A07, B50-B64 Apicomplexa Coccidia Cryptosporidiosis, Isosporiasis, Cyclosporiasis, Toxoplasmosis Malaria Blackwater fever Babesiosis Sarcomastigophora Excavata/ Mastigophora Trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness, Chagas disease Leishmaniasis Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Visceral leishmaniasis - Trichomoniasis Giardia lamblia Giardiasis Sarcodina Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis - Dientamoeba fragilis Dientamoebiasis - Naegleria fowleri Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis Other Blastocystis Blastocystosis Balantidium coli Balantidiasis Zygomycota, Microsporidia Microsporidiosis Mesomycetozoea, Rhinosporidium seeberi Rhinosporidiosis v d e Infectious diseases - Mycoses B35-B49, 110-118 Tinea - superficial and cutaneous Dermatophytosis ascomycota: Tinea barbae/Tinea capitis Kerion - Tinea corporis Ringworm - Tinea cruris - Tinea manuum - Tinea pedis Athlete's foot - Tinea unguium/Onychomycosis Other superficial mycoses ascomycota: Exophiala Tinea nigra basidiomycota: Malassezia Tinea versicolor - Trichosporon White piedra Subcutaneous, systemic, and opportunistic Dimorphic fungi ascomycota: Coccidioidomycosis - Histoplasmosis - Blastomycosis/Lobo's disease - Paracoccidioidomycosis - Sporotrichosis Yeast-like ascomycota: Candidiasis Oral, Esophageal, Chronic mucocutaneous - Pneumocystis Pneumocystis pneumonia basidiomycota: Cryptococcosis Mold-like/filamentous mitosporic fungi: Aspergillosis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis zygomycota: Zygomycosis unknown/multiple: Chromoblastomycosis - Mycetoma Eumycetoma, Maduromycosis Other/unsorted ascomycota: Geotrichum Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Microsporidiosis Categories: Digestive diseases Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Bahasa Indonesia This page was last modified on 26 July 2008, at 06:1
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