Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Mycobacterium avium complex Redirected from Mycobacterium avium This article or section is incomplete and may require expansion and/or cleanup. Please improve the article, or discuss the issue on the talk page. Mycobacterium avium subsp. intracellulare Mycobacterium avium subsp. intracellulare bacteria in lymph tissue. Mycobacterium avium subsp. intracellulare bacteria in lymph tissue. Scientific classification Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Order: Actinomycetales Family: Mycobacteriaceae Genus: Mycobacterium Species: M. avium Subspecies: M. a. intracellulare Mycobacterium avium complex MAC is a group of genetically-related bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. It includes Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium MAA, Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominis MAH, and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis MAP. Historically, MAC has also included Mycobacterium avium intracellulare MAI - a distinct species of bacteria. Contents 1 Sources and symptoms 2 Mycobacterium avium infection in children 3 MAC in patients with HIV infection 3.1 Diagnosis 4 Treatment 5 MAC in immunocompetent patients 6 References 7 External links Sources and symptoms MAC bacteria are common in the environment and cause infection when inhaled or swallowed. Symptoms of MAC diseases are reminiscent of tuberculosis. They include fever, fatigue, and weight loss. Many patients will have anemia and neutropenia if bone marrow is involved. Pulmonary involvement is similar to TB, while diarrhea and abdominal pain are associated with gastrointestinal involvement. MAC should always be considered in a person with HIV infection presenting with diarrhea. The various subspecies are prevalent in different areas: MAA primarily affects birds, but has also been found in the group of mammals known as ruminants, especially deer; MAP causes Paratuberculosis, or Johne's Disease; MAH is responsible for most MAC diseases in humans, including Hot Tub Lung and Lady Windermere Syndrome. MAC disease is most common in immunocompromised individuals; including senior citizens and those suffering from HIV or cystic fibrosis. Mycobacterium avium infection in children The M. avium and M. haemophilum infection in children form a distinct clinical entity separate from that of AIDS. M. avium typically causes swelling of the lymph nodes of the neck that is usually unilateral. It is not associated with abnormalities of the immune system. The treatment of choice is surgery,1 with medical treatment usually clarithromycin and rifabutin for 18 to 24 months reserved for those patients who cannot have surgery or for whom surgery is not suitable. MAC in patients with HIV infection MAC in patients with HIV disease is theorized to represent recent acquisition rather than latent infection reactivating which is the case in many other opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. The risk of MAC is inversely related to the patient's CD4 count, and increases significantly when the CD4 count decreases below 50 cells/mm³. Other risk factors for acquisition of MAC infection include using an indoor swimming pool, consumption of raw or partially cooked fish or shellfish, bronchoscopy and treatment with granulocyte stimulating factor. Disseminated disease was previously the common presentation prior to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART. Today, in regions where HAART is the standard of care, localized disease presentation is more likely. This generally includes a focal lymphadenopathy/lymphadenitis. Diagnosis Diagnosis can be achieved through blood cultures, or cultures of other bodily fluids such as sputum. Bone marrow culture can often yield an earlier diagnosis, but is usually avoided as an initial diagnostic step because of its invasiveness. Treatment Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. These include: Rifampicin Rifabutin Ciprofloxacin Amikacin Ethambutol Streptomycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin MAC in immunocompetent patients Please see information on NTM disease. References: Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was approved by the Board of Directors, March 1997. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:S1. Teirstein, AS, Damsker, B, Kirschner, PA, et al. Pulmonary infection with MAI: Diagosis, clinical patterns, treatment. Mt Sinai J Med 1990; 57:209. References ^ Lindeboom JA, Kuijper EJ, van Coppenraet ESB, Lindeboom R, Prins JM 2007. Surgical excision versus antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial dead link. Clin Infect Dis 44: 1057-64. doi:10.1086/512675. External links Mycobacterium avium Complex disease listing information from Center for Disease Control MAC fact sheet Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium_complex Categories: Bacterial diseases | Nontuberculous mycobacteriaHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links since May 2008 | articles needing clarification Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Español Bahasa Indonesia Polski УкраїнÑ?ька This page was last modified on 3 June 2008, at 11:29
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.