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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Passive-aggressive behavior Passive-aggressive behavior refers to passive, sometimes obstructionist resistance to following authoritative instructions in interpersonal or occupational situations. It can manifest itself as learned helplessness, procrastination, stubbornness, resentment, sullenness, or deliberate/repeated failure to accomplish requested tasks for which one is often explicitly responsible. It is a defense mechanism, and more often than not only partly conscious. For example, people who are passive-aggressive might take so long to get ready for a party that they do not wish to attend that the party is nearly over by the time they arrive. Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Common signs 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Description This section needs additional citations for verification. May 2008 Passive-aggressive personality disorder also called negativistic personality disorder is a personality disorder said to be marked by a pervasive pattern of negative attitudes and passive, usually disavowed resistance in interpersonal or occupational situations. It was listed as an Axis II personality disorder in the DSM-III-R, but was moved in the DSM-IV to Appendix B Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study because of controversy and the need for further research on how to also categorize the behaviors in a future ion. By way of explanation on that point, the popular Straight Dope columnist Cecil Adams writes: Merely being passive-aggressive isn't a disorder but a behavior - sometimes a perfectly rational behavior, which lets you dodge unpleasant chores while avoiding confrontation. It's only pathological if it's a habitual, crippling response reflecting a pervasively pessimistic attitude.1 When the behaviors are part of a person's personality disorder or personality style, repercussions are not usually immediate, but instead accumulate over time as the individuals affected by the person come to recognize the disavowed aggression coming from that person. People with this personality style are often quite unconscious of their impact on others, and thus may be genuinely dismayed when held to account for the inconvenience or discomfort caused by their passive-aggressive behaviors. In that context, there is a failure to see how they might have provoked a negative response, so they feel misunderstood, held to unreasonable standards, and/or put upon. Treatment of this disorder can be difficult: efforts to convince the patient that their unconscious feelings are being expressed passively, and that the passive expression of those feelings their behavior inspires other people's anger or disappointment with the patient, are often met with resistance. Individuals with the disorder will frequently leave treatment claiming that it did no good. Since the effectiveness of various therapies has yet to be proven, these individuals may be correct. Passive aggressive disorder is said to stem from a specific childhood stimulus e.g. overbearing parental figures, or alcohol/drug addicted parents. History The term passive-aggressive was first used by the U.S. military during World War II, when military psychiatrists noted the behavior of soldiers who displayed passive resistance and reluctant compliance to orders. 2 Common signs There are certain behaviors that help identify passive-aggressive behavior. 3 Ambiguity Avoiding responsibility by claiming forgetfulness Blaming others Chronic lateness and forgetfulness Complaining Does not express hostility or anger openly e.g., expresses it instead by leaving notes Fear of authority Fear of competition Fear of dependency Fear of intimacy infidelity as a means to act out anger: The passive aggressive often can't trust. Because of this, they guard themselves against becoming intimately attached to someone. A passive aggressive will have sex with a person but they rarely make love to that person. If they feel themselves becoming attached, they may punish that person by withholding sex.citation needed Fosters chaos Intentional inefficiency Making excuses Losing things Lying Obstructionism Procrastination Resentment Resists suggestions from others Sarcasm Stubbornness Sullenness Willful withholding of understanding A passive-aggressive person may not have all of these behaviors, and may have other non-passive-aggressive traits. See also Malicious compliance References ^ The Straight Dope: What is passive-aggressive? ^ Definition of Passive-aggressive. MedicineNet.com. Retrieved on 2006-06-15. ^ Scott Wetzler, Ph.D.. Living with the Passive-Aggressive Man. Retrieved on 2006-06-15. External links Dual Diagnosis and the Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder How do you Know if this Person is Passive Aggressive? Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Passive-aggressive_behavior Categories: SymptomsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from May 2008 | All articles with statements | Articles with statements since August 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français עברית Polski This page was last modified on 25 August 2008, at 15:15
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