Sierra Acai Company
Sierra Acai Company
Open 7 Days a Week
MonaVie Independent Distributor
Distributor Training
Shop Online
Enroll Now
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
Friends
Buy Wholesale and maintain an Active status for 2 months and we will refund your $39 Distributor Fee
07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Peripheral neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy Classification and external resources ICD-10 G64., G90.0 ICD-9 356 DiseasesDB 9850 MeSH D010523 Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of the nerve or from the side-effects of systemic illness. Peripheral neuropathies vary in their presentation and origin, and may affect the nerve or the neuromuscular junction. Contents 1 Causes 2 Types 2.1 Generalized peripheral neuropathy 3 Signs and symptoms 4 Treatment 5 References 6 External links 7 See also Causes The causes are broadly grouped as follows: Genetic diseases: Friedreich's ataxia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome 1 Metabolic/Endocrine: diabetes mellitus 2, Chronic renal failure, porphyria, amyloidosis, liver failure, hypothyroidism Toxic causes: alcoholism, drugs vincristine, phenytoin, isoniazid, organic metals, heavy metals, excess intake of Vitamin B6 pyridoxine Inflammatory diseases: Guillain-Barré syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosis, leprosy, Sjögren's syndrome Vitamin deficiency states: vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E, thiamin Others: shingles, malignant disease, HIV 3, radiation, chemotherapy4 Many of the diseases of the peripheral nervous system may present similarly to muscle problems myopathies, and so it is important to develop approaches for assessing sensory and motor disturbances in patients so that a physician may make an accurate diagnosis. Types Peripheral neuropathies may either be symmetrical and generalized or focal and multifocal, which is usually a good indicator of the cause of the peripheral nerve disease. Generalized peripheral neuropathy Generalized peripheral neuropathies are symmetrical, and usually due to various systematic illnesses and disease processes that affect the peripheral nervous system in its entirety. They are further subdivided into several categories: Distal axonopathies are the result of some metabolic or toxic derangement of neurons. They may be caused by metabolic diseases such as diabetes, renal failure, deficiency syndromes such as malnutrition and alcoholism, or the effects of toxins or drugs. Myelinopathies are due to a primary attack on myelin causing an acute failure of impulse conduction. The most common cause is acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy AIDP; aka Guillain-Barré syndrome, though other causes include chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy CIDP, genetic metabolic disorders e.g., leukodystrophy, or toxins. Neuronopathies are the result of destruction of peripheral nervous system PNS neurons. They may be caused by motor neurone diseases, sensory neuronopathies e.g., Herpes zoster, toxins or autonomic dysfunction. Neurotoxins may cause neuronopathies, such as the chemotherapy agent vincristine. Signs and symptoms Those with diseases or dysfunctions of their peripheral nerves can present with problems in any of the normal peripheral nerve functions. In terms of sensory function, there are commonly loss of function negative symptoms, which include numbness, tremor, and gait imbalance. Gain of function positive symptoms include tingling, pain, itching, crawling, and pins and needles. Pain can become intense enough to require use of opiate drugs i.e., morphine, oxycodone. Skin can become so hypersensitive that patients are prohibited from having anything touch certain parts of their body, especially the feet. People with this degree of sensitivity cannot have a bedsheet touch their feet or wear socks or shoes, and eventually become housebound. Motor symptoms include loss of function negative symptoms of weakness, tiredness, heaviness, and gait abnormalities; and gain of function positive symptoms of cramps, tremor, and fasciculations. There is also pain in the muscles myalgia, cramps, etc., and there may also be autonomic dysfunction. During physical examination, those with generalized peripheral neuropathies most commonly have distal sensory or motor and sensory loss, though those with a pathology problem of the peripheral nerves may be perfectly normal; may show proximal weakness, as in some inflammatory neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome; or may show focal sensory disturbance or weakness, such as in mononeuropathies, radiculopathies and plexopathies. Ankle jerk reflex is classically absent in peripheral neuropathy. Common disorders of the peripheral nerves include focal entrapment neuropathies e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome, generalized peripheral neuropathies e.g., diabetic neuropathy, plexopathies e.g., brachial neuritis and radiculopathies e.g., of cranial nerve VII; Facial nerve. Treatment Many treatment strategies for peripheral neuropathy are symptomatic. Some current research in animal models has shown that neurotrophin-3 can oppose the demyelination present in some peripheral neuropathies.5 Pregabalin INN pronounced /prɨˈgæbəlɨn/ is an anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain, as an adjunct therapy for partial seizures. It has also been found effective for generalized anxiety disorder. It was designed as a more potent successor to gabapentin. Pregabalin is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Lyrica. Pregabalin was initially developed by medicinal chemist Richard Bruce Silverman at Northwestern University in the United States. The drug was approved in the European Union in 2004. Pregabalin received U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA approval for use in treating epilepsy, diabetic neuropathy pain and post-herpetic neuralgia pain in June 2005, and appeared on the U.S. market in fall 2005. In June 2007 the FDA approved Lyrica as a treatment for Fibromyalgia Syndrome FMS. It is the first drug to be approved for treatment of this condition. References ^ Gabriel JM, Erne B, Pareyson D, Sghirlanzoni A, Taroni F, Steck AJ 1997. Gene dosage effects in herary peripheral neuropathy. Expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and herary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies nerve biopsies. Neurology 49 6: 1635-40. PMID 9409359. ^ Kiziltan ME, Akalin MA, Sahin R, Uluduz D 2007. Peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting as Bell's palsy. Neuroscience Letters 427: 138. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.09.029. PMID 17933462. ^ Gonzalez-Duarte A, Cikurel K, Simpson DM 2007. Managing HIV peripheral neuropathy. Current HIV/AIDS reports 4 3: 114-8. doi:10.1007/s11904-007-0017-6. PMID 17883996. ^ Wilkes G 2007. Peripheral neuropathy related to chemotherapy. Seminars in oncology nursing 23 3: 162-73. doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2007.05.001. PMID 17693343. ^ Liu N, Varma S, Tsao D, Shooter EM, Tolwani RJ 2007. Depleting endogenous neurotrophin-3 enhances myelin formation in the Trembler-J mouse, a model of a peripheral neuropathy. J. Neurosci. Res. 85 13: 2863-9. doi:10.1002/jnr.21388. PMID 17628499. This article or section is written like an advertisement. Please help rewrite this article from a neutral point of view. For blatant advertising that would require a fundamental rewrite to become encyclopedic, use db-spam to mark for speedy deletion. July 2008 Dr. Lee Dellon: Pioneering Pain Relief Dr. Lee Dellon's research in the pain caused by Peripheral Neuropathy and other nerve disorders is highlighted in this recent article. Diseases of the peripheral system - These lecture notes were presented to a second year medical school class at the University of Western Ontario on 2 December 2004 by Dr. Angelika F. Hahn. Approach to Muscle and nerve problems www.med.uwo.ca/UME/Diane/Year2Postings2004-2005/Trimester%202/CNS/NerveMuscleDiseasePowerpointDrMNicolle.ppt link inactive as of 2008-05-09 - Powerpoint slides from a lecture presented to a second year medical school class at the University of Western Ontario on 2 December 2004 by Dr. Michael W. Nicolle. External links National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse at National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases The Neuropathy Association is a public, non-profit organization providing public awareness, patient support, education and advocacy See also Neuropathy Myopathy Myelinopathy Guillain-Barré syndrome v d e Nervous system pathology, primarily PNS G50-G99, 350-359 Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders Cranial nerve disease V Trigeminal neuralgia - VII Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven - XI Accessory nerve disorder Radiculopathy, plexopathy Brachial plexus lesion - Thoracic outlet syndrome - Phantom limb Mono- neuropathy upper limb Carpal tunnel syndrome, Ulnar nerve entrapment, Radial neuropathy lower limb Meralgia paraesthetica, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Morton's neuroma Causalgia - Mononeuritis multiplex Polyneuropathies HMSN Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - Dejerine Sottas syndrome - Refsum's disease Polyradiculoneuropathy autoimmune Guillain-Barré syndrome, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy - Alcoholic polyneuropathy Diseases of muscle myopathy/ neuromuscular disease Neuromuscular junction disease autoimmune Myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome Muscular dystrophy Congenital - dystrophin Becker's, Duchenne - Distal - Emery-Dreifuss - Facioscapulohumeral - Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy - Myotonic - Oculopharyngeal Myotonia Myotonic dystrophy - Myotonia congenita - Thomsen disease - Neuromyotonia - Paramyotonia congenita Congenital myopathy Bethlem myopathy - Central core disease - Centronuclear myopathy - Nemaline myopathy - Zaspopathy Mitochondrial myopathy MELAS - MERRF - KSS - PEO Periodic paralysis Hypokalemic - Hyperkalemic Dysautonomia/ Autonomic neuropathy HSAN Familial dysautonomia - Horner's syndrome - Multiple system atrophy Shy-Drager syndrome, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy Categories: Neurological disordersHidden categories: articles needing style ing from July 2008 | All articles needing style ing Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Español Italiano This page was last modified on 29 August 2008, at 06:27
39 Reasons to Drink Acai Juice Every Day
What is MonaVie - Watch the 8-minute video
Discovering MonaVie Video
The Power of You Video
Effects of MonaVie Active on Antioxidant Capacity in Humans
Log into your Wholesale MonaVie Account
So many of us do not eat a balanced diet, get enough sleep, have too much stress, or are impacted with toxins and pollutants. Drinking 2 ounces of MonaVie twice a day will help your body detoxify as well as build your immune system. Its the smartest thing you can do for yourself, so start today. Buying MonaVie through our company guarantees you support 7 days a week and, if you would like to share MonaVie with your family and friends we will guide you from start to finish.
1. Click on Enroll Now (30 - 55% off retail price)
2. Pay $39 for your Wholesale ID number.
3. NO minimum order required.
4. MonaVie is delivered to your door in 3 to 5 days.