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07-SEPTEMBER-2008 03:17:44 - Pervasive developmental disorder January 2008 Pervasive developmental disorder Classification and external resources ICD-10 F84. ICD-9 299 DiseasesDB 33524 eMedicine ped/1780 MeSH D002659 The diagnostic category pervasive developmental disorders PDD, as opposed to specific developmental disorders SDD, refers to a group of five disorders characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication. The most commonly known PDD is 1 Autism, with the remaining identified as 2 Rett syndrome, 3 Childhood disintegrative disorder, 4 Asperger syndrome, and 5 Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified or PDD-NOS.1 Parents may note symptoms of PDD as early as infancy and typically onset is prior to 3 years of age. PDD itself generally does not affect life expectancy. There is a division among doctors on the use of the term PDD.1 Many use the term PDD as a short way of saying PDDNOS.1 Others use the general category label of PDD because they are hesitant to diagnose very young children with a specific type of PDD, such as autism.1 Both approaches contribute to confusion about the term, because the term PDD actually refers to a category of disorders and is not a diagnostic label.1 Contents 1 PDD-NOS and terminology 2 Symptoms 3 Types and degrees 4 Diagnosis 4.1 In early childhood 5 Cure and care 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links PDD-NOS and terminology PDD-NOS is often incorrectly referred to as simply PDD. The term PDD refers to the class of conditions to which Autism belongs. PDD is not itself a diagnosis, while PDD-NOS is a diagnosis. To further complicate the issue, PDD-NOS can also be referred to as atypical personality development, atypical PDD, or atypical Autism. Symptoms Symptoms of PDD may include communication problems such as: Difficulty using and understanding language Difficulty relating to people, objects, and events Unusual play with toys and other objects Difficulty with changes in routine or familiar surroundings Repetitive body movements or behavior patterns Types and degrees Autism, a developmental brain disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills, and limited range of activities and interests, is the most characteristic and best studied PDD. Other types of PDD include Asperger's syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome, and PDD not otherwise specified PDD-NOS. Children with PDD vary widely in abilities, intelligence, and behaviors. Some children do not speak at all, others speak in limited phrases or conversations, and some have relatively normal language development. Repetitive play skills and limited social skills are generally evident as well. Unusual responses to sensory information - loud noises, lights - are also common. Diagnosis In early childhood Some clinicians use PDD-NOS as a temporary diagnosis for children under the age of 5, when for whatever reason there is a reluctance to diagnose autism. There are several justifications for this: very young children have limited social interaction and communication skills to begin with, therefore it can be tricky to diagnose milder cases of autism in toddlerhood. The unspoken assumption is that by the age of 5, unusual behaviors will either resolve or develop into diagnosable autism. However, some parents view the PDD label as no more than a euphemism for autism spectrum disorders, problematic because this label makes it more difficult to receive aid for Early Childhood Intervention. Cure and care There is no known cure for PDD. Medications are used to address certain behavioral problems; therapy for children with PDD should be specialized according to the child's specific needs. Some children with PDD benefit from specialized classrooms in which the class size is small and instruction is given on a one-to-one basis. Others function well in standard special education classes or regular classes with support. Early intervention, including appropriate and specialized educational programs and support services play a critical role in improving the outcome of individuals with PDD. PDD is very commonly found in individuals and especially in children with the range of 2 to 5 years of age. These signs can be easily detected within the classroom settings, home, etc. See also Pervasive Developmental Disorders portal Overactive Disorder Associated with Mental Retardation and Stereotyped Movements Specific developmental disorder Multiple-complex Developmental Disorder Multisystem Developmental Disorder Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, a rare and severe neurological disorder which shows developmental regression in infants and toddlers References ^ a b c d e National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities NICHCY October 2003 Disability Info: Pervasive Developmental Disorders FS20. Fact Sheet 20 FS20 Further reading Volkmar FR ed 2007. Autism and pervasive developmental disorders, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521549574. External links CDC's Learn the Signs. Act Early. campaign - Information for parents on early childhood development and developmental disabilities NINDS Pervasive Developmental Disorders Information Page NICHCY fact sheet on Pervasive Developmental Disorder note: not in the public domain Information about Pervasive Developmental Disorders Yale Developmental Disabilities Clinic Note: An earlier version of this article included text from the public domain source NINDS Pervasive Developmental Disorders Information Page at 1 v d e Pervasive developmental disorders / Autism spectrum Main Causes Comorbid conditions Epidemiology Heritability Sociological and cultural aspects Therapies Diagnoses Asperger syndrome Autism Childhood disintegrative disorder Fragile X syndrome Multiple-complex Developmental Disorder PDD-NOS Rett syndrome Semantic pragmatic disorder Controversies Autism rights movement Autistic enterocolitis Chelation MMR vaccine controversy Neurodiversity Refrigerator mother Thiomersal controversy Lists Autism-related topics Fictional characters Further reading on Asperger syndrome People People speculation Groups Aspies For Freedom Autism Network International Autistic Self Advocacy Network Autism Society of America Autism Speaks Generation Rescue National Autistic Society SafeMinds Wrong Planet v d e WHO ICD-10 mental and behavioral disorders F · 290-319 Neurological/symptomatic Dementia Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex, Frontotemporal dementia, Elopement, Sundowning, Wandering · Delirium · Post-concussion syndrome · Organic brain syndrome Psychoactive substance alcohol drunkenness, alcohol dependence, alcoholic hallucinosis, Alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens, Korsakoff's syndrome, alcohol abuse · opioids opioid dependency · sedative/hypnotic benzodiazepine withdrawal · cocaine cocaine dependence · general Intoxication, Drug abuse, Physical dependence, Withdrawal Psychotic disorder Schizophrenia disorganized schizophrenia · Schizophreniform disorder · Schizotypal personality disorder · Delusional disorder · Folie à deux · Schizoaffective disorder Mood affective Mania · Bipolar disorder · Clinical depression · Cyclothymia · Dysthymia Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform Anxiety disorder Agoraphobia, Panic disorder, Panic attack, Generalized anxiety disorder, Social anxiety, Social phobia · OCD · Acute stress reaction · PTSD · Adjustment disorder · Conversion disorder Ganser syndrome · Somatoform disorder Somatization disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hypochondriasis, Nosophobia, Da Costa's syndrome, Psychalgia · Neurasthenia Physiological/physical behavioral Eating disorder: Anorexia nervosa · Bulimia nervosa Sleep disorder: Dyssomnia Hypersomnia, Insomnia · Parasomnia REM behavior disorder, Night terror · Nightmare Sexual dysfunction: Erectile dysfunction · Premature ejaculation · Vaginismus · Dyspareunia · Hypersexuality · Female sexual arousal disorder Postpartum depression · Postnatal psychosis Adult personality and behavior Personality disorder · Passive-aggressive behavior · Kleptomania · Trichotillomania · Voyeurism · Factitious disorder · Munchausen syndrome · Ego-dystonic sexual orientation · Fetishism Mental retardation Mental retardation Psychological development developmental disorder Specific: speech and language expressive language disorder, aphasia, expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, lisp · Scholastic skills dyslexia, dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome · Motor function developmental dyspraxia Pervasive: Autism · Rett syndrome · Asperger syndrome Behavioral and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset ADHD · Conduct disorder · Oppositional defiant disorder · Separation anxiety disorder · Selective mutism · Reactive attachment disorder · Tic disorder · Tourette syndrome · Speech stuttering · cluttering Retrieved from http://en..org/wiki/Pervasive_developmental_disorder Categories: Childhood psychiatric disorders | Autism | Pervasive developmental disorders | Disability | Special educationHidden category: Articles needing additional references from January 2008 Views Article Discussion this page History Personal tools Log in / create account Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Go Search Interaction Community portal Recent changes Contact Donate to Help Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Printable version Permanent link Cite this page Languages Deutsch Español Français Hrvatski עברית Nederlands 日本語 Svenska This page was last modified on 19 July 2008, at 06:52
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